thallium vs cerium vs thulium

thallium (chemical element) | cerium (chemical element) | thulium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| thallium | cerium | thulium atomic symbol | Tl | Ce | Tm atomic number | 81 | 58 | 69 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^1 | [Xe]6s^24f^15d^1 | [Xe]6s^24f^13 Aufbau diagram | 6p 5d 4f 6s | 5d 4f 6s | 4f 6s block | p | f | f group | 13 | | period | 6 | 6 | 6 atomic mass | 204.38 u | 140.116 u | 168.93422 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| thallium | cerium | thulium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 304 °C | 798 °C | 1545 °C boiling point | 1473 °C | 3360 °C | 1950 °C molar heat of fusion | 4.2 kJ/mol | 5.5 kJ/mol | 16.8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 165 kJ/mol | 350 kJ/mol | 250 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 129 J/(kg K) | 192 J/(kg K) | 160 J/(kg K) Néel point | | 12.5 K | 56 K (properties at standard conditions)

| thallium | cerium | thulium density | 11.85 g/cm^3 | 6.689 g/cm^3 | 9.321 g/cm^3 liquid density | 11.22 g/cm^3 | 6.55 g/cm^3 | 8.56 g/cm^3 molar volume | 17.247 cm^3/mol | 20.95 cm^3/mol | 18.12 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.2 (between talc and gypsum) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 1.8 (between gypsum and talc) Vickers hardness | | 270 MPa | 520 MPa Brinell hardness | 26.4 MPa | 412 MPa | 471 MPa bulk modulus | 43 GPa | 22 GPa | 45 GPa shear modulus | 2.8 GPa | 14 GPa | 31 GPa Young's modulus | 8 GPa | 34 GPa | 74 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.45 | 0.24 | 0.21 tensile yield strength | | 91 MPa | 60 MPa ultimate tensile strength | 7 MPa | 100 MPa | 140 MPa sound speed | 818 m/s | 2100 m/s | thermal expansion | 2.99×10^-5 K^(-1) | 6.3×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.33×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 46 W/(m K) | 11 W/(m K) | 17 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| thallium | cerium | thulium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 6.7×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -3.56×10^-5 | 0.0014716 | 0.0185488 mass magnetic susceptibility | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.2×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.99×10^-6 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -6.13×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.0826×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.36179×10^-7 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | | | 25 K (kelvins) Néel point | | 12.5 K (kelvins) | 56 K (kelvins) work function | 3.84 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.9 eV (Polycrystalline) | threshold frequency | 9.285×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 7.012×10^14 Hz (hertz) | superconducting point | 2.38 K (kelvins) | 0.022 K (kelvins) | color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| thallium | cerium | thulium valence | 3 | 4 | 3 electronegativity | 1.62 | 1.12 | 1.25 electron affinity | 19.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 534.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 596.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.4 kJ/mol | 1971 kJ/mol | 2878 kJ/mol | 534.4 kJ/mol | 1050 kJ/mol | 1949 kJ/mol | 3547 kJ/mol | 6325 kJ/mol | 7490 kJ/mol | 596.7 kJ/mol | 1160 kJ/mol | 2285 kJ/mol | 4120 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| thallium | cerium | thulium term symbol | ^2P_(1/2) | ^1G_4 | ^2F_(7/2) atomic radius | 190 pm | 185 pm | 175 pm covalent radius | 145 pm | 204 pm | 190 pm van der Waals radius | 196 pm | | (electronic ground state properties)

| thallium | cerium | thulium universe abundance | 5×10^-8 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% | 1×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% | 2×10^-8 mass% meteorite abundance | 7.8×10^-6 mass% | 7.5×10^-5 mass% | 2.9×10^-6 mass% crust abundance | 5.3×10^-5 mass% | 0.006 mass% | 4.5×10^-5 mass% ocean abundance | 1×10^-10 mass% | 1.2×10^-10 mass% | 2×10^-11 mass% universe molar abundance | 3×10^-10 mol% | 9×10^-9 mol% | 1×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 3×10^-9 mol% | 9.9×10^-11 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 6×10^-7 mol% | 1.1×10^-5 mol% | 3×10^-7 mol% ocean molar abundance | 3×10^-12 mol% | 5.3×10^-12 mol% | 7×10^-6 mol% crust molar abundance | 5×10^-6 mol% | 8.9×10^-4 mol% | 5×10^-6 mol%