carbon vs iodine vs palladium vs lead

carbon (chemical element) | iodine (chemical element) | palladium (chemical element) | lead (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration carbon | C | 6 | [He]2s^22p^2 iodine | I | 53 | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^5 palladium | Pd | 46 | [Kr]4d^10 lead | Pb | 82 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^2 | Aufbau diagram | block | group carbon | 2p 2s | p | 14 iodine | 5p 4d 5s | p | 17 palladium | 4d | d | 10 lead | 6p 5d 4f 6s | p | 14 | period | atomic mass | half-life carbon | 2 | 12.011 u | (stable) iodine | 5 | 126.90447 u | (stable) palladium | 5 | 106.42 u | (stable) lead | 6 | 207.2 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 941.18 °C | highest | 3550 °C (carbon) | lowest | 113.7 °C (iodine) | distribution | boiling point | median | 2356 °C | highest | 4027 °C (carbon) | lowest | 184.3 °C (iodine) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 12.2 kJ/mol | highest | 105 kJ/mol (carbon) | lowest | 4.77 kJ/mol (lead) molar heat of vaporization | median | 279 kJ/mol | highest | 715 kJ/mol (carbon) | lowest | 20.9 kJ/mol (iodine) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 335 J/(kg K) | highest | 710 J/(kg K) (carbon) | lowest | 127 J/(kg K) (lead) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 8.14 g/cm^3 | highest | 12.023 g/cm^3 (palladium) | lowest | 2.26 g/cm^3 (carbon) | distribution | molar volume | median | 13.56 cm^3/mol | highest | 25.69 cm^3/mol (iodine) | lowest | 5.315 cm^3/mol (carbon) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 1.5 | highest | 4.75 (between apatite and fluorite) (palladium) | lowest | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) (carbon) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 461 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 37.3 MPa | 38.3 MPa bulk modulus | median | 39 GPa | highest | 180 GPa (palladium) | lowest | 7.7 GPa (iodine) Poisson ratio | all | 0.39 | 0.44 ultimate tensile strength | all | 18 MPa | 180 MPa sound speed | median | 3070 m/s | highest | 18350 m/s (carbon) | lowest | 1260 m/s (lead) thermal expansion | median | 1.18×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 2.89×10^-5 K^(-1) (lead) | lowest | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) (carbon) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 54 W/(m K) | highest | 140 W/(m K) (carbon) | lowest | 0.449 W/(m K) (iodine) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 5.1×10^-6 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1×10^7 Ω m (ohm meters) (iodine) | lowest | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (palladium) electrical conductivity | median | 2.5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (palladium) | lowest | 1×10^-7 S/m (siemens per meter) (iodine) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.55×10^-5 | highest | 7.899×10^-4 (palladium) | lowest | -2.22×10^-5 (iodine) mass magnetic susceptibility | median | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 6.57×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (palladium) | lowest | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (carbon) molar magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.93×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 6.992×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (palladium) | lowest | -1.14×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (iodine) work function | all | 4.25 eV | 5 eV | (5.22 to 5.6) eV

valence | median | 4 | highest | 7 (iodine) | lowest | 4 (3 elements) electronegativity | median | 2.44 | highest | 2.66 (iodine) | lowest | 2.2 (palladium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 104 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 295.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (iodine) | lowest | 35.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lead) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (carbon) | lowest | 715.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lead) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_0 atomic radius | median | 140 pm | highest | 180 pm (lead) | lowest | 70 pm (carbon) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 139 pm | highest | 146 pm (lead) | lowest | 76 pm (carbon) van der Waals radius | median | 184 pm | highest | 202 pm (lead) | lowest | 163 pm (palladium) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 6×10^-7 mass% | highest | 0.5 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mass% (iodine) solar abundance | median | 1×10^-6 mass% | highest | 0.3 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 3×10^-7 mass% (palladium) meteorite abundance | median | 1×10^-4 mass% | highest | 1.5 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 2.5×10^-5 mass% (iodine) crust abundance | median | 5.2×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.18 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 6.3×10^-7 mass% (palladium) ocean abundance | median | 6×10^-6 mass% | highest | 0.0028 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 3×10^-9 mass% (lead) human abundance | median | 1.7×10^-4 mass% | highest | 23 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 2×10^-5 mass% (iodine) universe molar abundance | median | 4×10^-9 mol% | highest | 0.05 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 1×10^-9 mol% (iodine) solar molar abundance | median | 7×10^-9 mol% | highest | 0.03 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 4×10^-9 mol% (palladium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 1.1×10^-5 mol% | highest | 1.8 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 3×10^-6 mol% (iodine) ocean molar abundance | median | 2.9×10^-7 mol% | highest | 0.0014 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 9×10^-11 mol% (lead) crust molar abundance | median | 5.3×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.31 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 9.9×10^-8 mol% (palladium) human molar abundance | median | 5×10^-6 mol% | highest | 12 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 1×10^-6 mol% (iodine)