calcium vs cobalt vs vanadium

calcium (chemical element) | cobalt (chemical element) | vanadium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| calcium | cobalt | vanadium atomic symbol | Ca | Co | V atomic number | 20 | 27 | 23 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^2 | [Ar]4s^23d^7 | [Ar]4s^23d^3 Aufbau diagram | 4s | 3d 4s | 3d 4s block | s | d | d group | 2 | 9 | 5 period | 4 | 4 | 4 atomic mass | 40.078 u | 58.933194 u | 50.9415 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| calcium | cobalt | vanadium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 842 °C | 1495 °C | 1910 °C boiling point | 1484 °C | 2927 °C | 3407 °C molar heat of fusion | 8.54 kJ/mol | 16.2 kJ/mol | 22.8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 155 kJ/mol | 375 kJ/mol | 453 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 631 J/(kg K) | 421 J/(kg K) | 489 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| calcium | cobalt | vanadium density | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 8.9 g/cm^3 | 6.11 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 7.75 g/cm^3 | 5.5 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 6.6 cm^3/mol | 8.337 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | 5 (≈ apatite) | 7 (≈ quartz) Vickers hardness | | 1043 MPa | 628 MPa Brinell hardness | 167 MPa | 700 MPa | 628 MPa bulk modulus | 17 GPa | 180 GPa | 160 GPa shear modulus | 7.4 GPa | 75 GPa | 47 GPa Young's modulus | 20 GPa | 209 GPa | 128 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.37 tensile yield strength | | 225 MPa | sound speed | 3810 m/s | 4720 m/s | 4560 m/s thermal expansion | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.3×10^-5 K^(-1) | 8.4×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m K) | 100 W/(m K) | 31 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| calcium | cobalt | vanadium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | ferromagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.139×10^-5 | | 3.837×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | | 6.28×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | | 3.199×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | | 1394 K (kelvins) | work function | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.3 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 1.04×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | (unknown) | 5.4 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (gray) | (silver)

| calcium | cobalt | vanadium valence | 2 | 4 | 5 electronegativity | 1 | 1.88 | 1.63 electron affinity | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 63.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 760.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 650.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 760.4 kJ/mol | 1648 kJ/mol | 3232 kJ/mol | 4950 kJ/mol | 7670 kJ/mol | 9840 kJ/mol | 12440 kJ/mol | 15230 kJ/mol | 17959 kJ/mol | 26570 kJ/mol | 29400 kJ/mol | 32400 kJ/mol | 36600 kJ/mol | 39700 kJ/mol | 42800 kJ/mol | 49396 kJ/mol | 52737 kJ/mol | 134810 kJ/mol | 145170 kJ/mol | 154700 kJ/mol | 167400 kJ/mol | 650.9 kJ/mol | 1414 kJ/mol | 2830 kJ/mol | 4507 kJ/mol | 6298.7 kJ/mol | 12363 kJ/mol | 14530 kJ/mol | 16730 kJ/mol | 19860 kJ/mol | 22240 kJ/mol | 24670 kJ/mol | 29730 kJ/mol | 32446 kJ/mol | 86450 kJ/mol | 94170 kJ/mol | 102300 kJ/mol | 112700 kJ/mol | 121600 kJ/mol | 130700 kJ/mol | 143400 kJ/mol | 151440 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| calcium | cobalt | vanadium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^4F_(9/2) | ^4F_(3/2) atomic radius | 180 pm | 135 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 176 pm | 126 pm | 153 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| calcium | cobalt | vanadium universe abundance | 0.007 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | 0.007 mass% | 4×10^-4 mass% | 4×10^-5 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.1 mass% | 0.059 mass% | 0.0061 mass% crust abundance | 5 mass% | 0.003 mass% | 0.019 mass% ocean abundance | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 8×10^-9 mass% | 1.5×10^-7 mass% human abundance | 1.4 mass% | 2×10^-6 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% universe molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 6×10^-6 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 7×10^-6 mol% | 9×10^-7 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.52 mol% | 0.02 mol% | 0.0023 mol% ocean molar abundance | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 8×10^-10 mol% | 1.8×10^-8 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.6 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 0.0075 mol% human molar abundance | 0.22 mol% | 2×10^-7 mol% | 4×10^-7 mol%