tin vs lead vs palladium

tin (chemical element) | lead (chemical element) | palladium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| tin | lead | palladium atomic symbol | Sn | Pb | Pd atomic number | 50 | 82 | 46 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^2 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^2 | [Kr]4d^10 Aufbau diagram | 5p 4d 5s | 6p 5d 4f 6s | 4d block | p | p | d group | 14 | 14 | 10 period | 5 | 6 | 5 atomic mass | 118.71 u | 207.2 u | 106.42 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| tin | lead | palladium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 231.93 °C | 327.46 °C | 1554.9 °C boiling point | 2602 °C | 1749 °C | 2963 °C molar heat of fusion | 7 kJ/mol | 4.77 kJ/mol | 16.7 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 290 kJ/mol | 178 kJ/mol | 380 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 217 J/(kg K) | 127 J/(kg K) | 240 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| tin | lead | palladium density | 7.31 g/cm^3 | 11.34 g/cm^3 | 12.023 g/cm^3 liquid density | 6.99 g/cm^3 | 10.66 g/cm^3 | 10.38 g/cm^3 molar volume | 16.24 cm^3/mol | 18.27 cm^3/mol | 8.851 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 4.75 (between apatite and fluorite) Vickers hardness | | | 461 MPa Brinell hardness | 51 MPa | 38.3 MPa | 37.3 MPa bulk modulus | 58 GPa | 46 GPa | 180 GPa shear modulus | 18 GPa | 5.6 GPa | 44 GPa Young's modulus | 50 GPa | 16 GPa | 121 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.39 ultimate tensile strength | 220 MPa | 18 MPa | 180 MPa sound speed | 2500 m/s | 1260 m/s | 3070 m/s thermal expansion | 2.2×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.89×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.18×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 67 W/(m K) | 35 W/(m K) | 72 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| tin | lead | palladium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 9.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 4.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.27×10^-5 | -1.7×10^-5 | 7.899×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | -3.1×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 6.57×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 6.992×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.42 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.25 eV (Polycrystalline) | (5.22 to 5.6) eV threshold frequency | 1.069×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 1.028×10^15 Hz (hertz) | (1.262×10^15 to 1.354×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 3.72 K (kelvins) | 7.2 K (kelvins) | color | (silver) | (slate gray) | (silver)

| tin | lead | palladium valence | 4 | 4 | 4 electronegativity | 1.96 | 2.33 | 2.2 electron affinity | 107.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 35.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 53.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 708.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 715.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 804.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 708.6 kJ/mol | 1411.8 kJ/mol | 2943 kJ/mol | 3930.3 kJ/mol | 7456 kJ/mol | 715.6 kJ/mol | 1450.5 kJ/mol | 3081.5 kJ/mol | 4083 kJ/mol | 6640 kJ/mol | 804.4 kJ/mol | 1870 kJ/mol | 3177 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| tin | lead | palladium term symbol | ^3P_0 | ^3P_0 | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 145 pm | 180 pm | 140 pm covalent radius | 139 pm | 146 pm | 139 pm van der Waals radius | 217 pm | 202 pm | 163 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| tin | lead | palladium universe abundance | 4×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 9×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% | 3×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.2×10^-4 mass% | 1.4×10^-4 mass% | 6.6×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 2.2×10^-4 mass% | 9.9×10^-4 mass% | 6.3×10^-7 mass% ocean abundance | 1×10^-9 mass% | 3×10^-9 mass% | human abundance | 2×10^-5 mass% | 1.7×10^-4 mass% | universe molar abundance | 4×10^-9 mol% | 6×10^-9 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-9 mol% | 7×10^-9 mol% | 4×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1.7×10^-5 mol% | 1×10^-5 mol% | 1.3×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 5.2×10^-11 mol% | 9×10^-11 mol% | crust molar abundance | 3.8×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-8 mol% human molar abundance | 1.1×10^-6 mol% | 5×10^-6 mol% |