chromium vs potassium vs nickel

chromium (chemical element) | potassium (chemical element) | nickel (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| chromium | potassium | nickel atomic symbol | Cr | K | Ni atomic number | 24 | 19 | 28 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^13d^5 | [Ar]4s^1 | [Ar]4s^23d^8 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s | 4s | 3d 4s block | d | s | d group | 6 | 1 | 10 period | 4 | 4 | 4 atomic mass | 51.9961 u | 39.0983 u | 58.6934 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| chromium | potassium | nickel phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1907 °C | 63.38 °C | 1455 °C boiling point | 2671 °C | 759 °C | 2913 °C critical temperature | | 2223 K | critical pressure | | 16 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 20.5 kJ/mol | 2.33 kJ/mol | 17.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 339 kJ/mol | 76.9 kJ/mol | 378 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 448 J/(kg K) | 757 J/(kg K) | 445 J/(kg K) Néel point | 393 K | | (properties at standard conditions)

| chromium | potassium | nickel density | 7.19 g/cm^3 | 0.856 g/cm^3 | 8.908 g/cm^3 liquid density | 6.3 g/cm^3 | 0.828 g/cm^3 | 7.81 g/cm^3 molar volume | 7.232 cm^3/mol | 45.7 cm^3/mol | 6.589 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 8.5 (between topaz and corundum) | 0.4 (between talc and gypsum) | 4 (≈ fluorite) Vickers hardness | 1060 MPa | | 638 MPa Brinell hardness | 1120 MPa | 0.363 MPa | 700 MPa bulk modulus | 160 GPa | 3.1 GPa | 180 GPa shear modulus | 115 GPa | 1.3 GPa | 76 GPa Young's modulus | 279 GPa | | 200 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.21 | | 0.31 tensile yield strength | | | 59 MPa ultimate tensile strength | | | 317 MPa sound speed | 5940 m/s | 2000 m/s | 4970 m/s thermal expansion | 4.9×10^-6 K^(-1) | | 1.34×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 94 W/(m K) | 100 W/(m K) | 91 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| chromium | potassium | nickel electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1.3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 7.9×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | antiferromagnetic | paramagnetic | ferromagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 3.177×10^-4 | 5.74×10^-6 | mass magnetic susceptibility | 4.45×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 6.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.314×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2.62×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | Curie point | | | 631 K (kelvins) Néel point | 393 K (kelvins) | | work function | 4.5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.29 eV (Polycrystalline) | (5.04 to 5.35) eV threshold frequency | 1.088×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 5.537×10^14 Hz (hertz) | (1.219×10^15 to 1.294×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (silver) | (gray)

| chromium | potassium | nickel valence | 6 | 1 | 2 electronegativity | 1.66 | 0.82 | 1.91 electron affinity | 64.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 48.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 112 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 652.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 418.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 737.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 652.9 kJ/mol | 1590.6 kJ/mol | 2987 kJ/mol | 4743 kJ/mol | 6702 kJ/mol | 8744.9 kJ/mol | 15455 kJ/mol | 17820 kJ/mol | 20190 kJ/mol | 23580 kJ/mol | 26130 kJ/mol | 28750 kJ/mol | 34230 kJ/mol | 37066 kJ/mol | 97510 kJ/mol | 105800 kJ/mol | 114300 kJ/mol | 125300 kJ/mol | 134700 kJ/mol | 144300 kJ/mol | 157700 kJ/mol | 418.8 kJ/mol | 3052 kJ/mol | 4420 kJ/mol | 5877 kJ/mol | 7975 kJ/mol | 9590 kJ/mol | 11343 kJ/mol | 14944 kJ/mol | 16963.7 kJ/mol | 48610 kJ/mol | 737.1 kJ/mol | 1753 kJ/mol | 3395 kJ/mol | 5300 kJ/mol | 7339 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12800 kJ/mol | 15600 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 21670 kJ/mol | 30970 kJ/mol | 34000 kJ/mol | 37100 kJ/mol | 41500 kJ/mol | 44800 kJ/mol | 48100 kJ/mol | 55101 kJ/mol | 58570 kJ/mol | 148700 kJ/mol | 159000 kJ/mol | 169400 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| chromium | potassium | nickel term symbol | ^7S_3 | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3F_4 atomic radius | 140 pm | 220 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 139 pm | 203 pm | 124 pm van der Waals radius | | 275 pm | 163 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| chromium | potassium | nickel universe abundance | 0.0015 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% | 0.006 mass% solar abundance | 0.002 mass% | 4×10^-4 mass% | 0.008 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.3 mass% | 0.07 mass% | 1.3 mass% crust abundance | 0.014 mass% | 1.5 mass% | 0.0089 mass% ocean abundance | 6×10^-8 mass% | 0.042 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% human abundance | 3×10^-6 mass% | 0.2 mass% | 1×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 4×10^-5 mol% | 1×10^-5 mol% | 1×10^-4 mol% solar molar abundance | 4×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-6 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.12 mol% | 0.037 mol% | 0.44 mol% ocean molar abundance | 7.1×10^-9 mol% | 0.0066 mol% | 2.1×10^-8 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0055 mol% | 0.78 mol% | 0.0032 mol% human molar abundance | 4×10^-7 mol% | 0.032 mol% | 1.1×10^-6 mol%

| chromium | potassium | nickel half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable) stable isotopes | Cr-52 (83.789%) | Cr-53 (9.501%) | Cr-50 (4.345%) | Cr-54 (2.365%) | K-39 (93.2581%) | K-41 (6.7302%) | Ni-58 (68.077%) | Ni-60 (26.223%) | Ni-62 (3.634%) | Ni-61 (1.14%) | Ni-64 (0.926%) nuclear spin | Cr-42: 0^+ | Cr-43: 3/2^+ | Cr-44: 0^+ | Cr-45: 7/2^- | Cr-46: 0^+ | Cr-47: 3/2^- | Cr-48: 0^+ | Cr-49: 5/2^- | Cr-50: 0^+ | Cr-51: 7/2^- | Cr-52: 0^+ | Cr-53: 3/2^- | Cr-54: 0^+ | Cr-55: 3/2^- | Cr-56: 0^+ | Cr-58: 0^+ | Cr-59: 1/2^- | Cr-60: 0^+ | Cr-61: 5/2^- | Cr-62: 0^+ | Cr-63: 1/2^- | Cr-64: 0^+ | Cr-65: 1/2^- | Cr-66: 0^+ | Cr-67: 1/2^- | K-32: 1^+ | K-33: 3/2^+ | K-34: 1^+ | K-35: 3/2^+ | K-36: 2^+ | K-37: 3/2^+ | K-38: 3^+ | K-39: 3/2^+ | K-40: 4^- | K-41: 3/2^+ | K-42: 2^- | K-43: 3/2^+ | K-44: 2^- | K-45: 3/2^+ | K-46: 2^- | K-47: 1/2^+ | K-48: 2^- | K-49: 3/2^+ | K-52: 2^- | K-53: 3/2^+ | K-54: 2^- | K-55: 3/2^+ | Ni-48: 0^+ | Ni-49: 7/2^- | Ni-50: 0^+ | Ni-51: 7/2^- | Ni-52: 0^+ | Ni-53: 7/2^- | Ni-54: 0^+ | Ni-55: 7/2^- | Ni-56: 0^+ | Ni-57: 3/2^- | Ni-58: 0^+ | Ni-59: 3/2^- | Ni-60: 0^+ | Ni-61: 3/2^- | Ni-62: 0^+ | Ni-63: 1/2^- | Ni-64: 0^+ | Ni-65: 5/2^- | Ni-66: 0^+ | Ni-67: 1/2^- | Ni-68: 0^+ | Ni-69: 9/2^+ | Ni-70: 0^+ | Ni-71: 1/2^- | Ni-72: 0^+ | Ni-73: 9/2^+ | Ni-74: 0^+ | Ni-75: 7/2^+ | Ni-76: 0^+ | Ni-77: 9/2^+ | Ni-78: 0^+ unstable isotopes | Cr-51 (27.703 days) | Cr-48 (21.561 h) | Cr-49 (42.33 min) | Cr-56 (5.93 min) | Cr-55 (209.8 s) | Cr-57 (21.1 s) | Cr-58 (7 s) | Cr-60 (570 ms) | Cr-47 (500 ms) | Cr-59 (460 ms) | Cr-61 (270 ms) | Cr-46 (260 ms) | Cr-62 (190 ms) | Cr-63 (129 ms) | Cr-45 (60.9 ms) | Cr-44 (53 ms) | Cr-64 (43 ms) | Cr-65 (27 ms) | Cr-43 (21.6 ms) | Cr-42 (13 ms) | Cr-67 (10 ms) | Cr-66 (10 ms) | K-40 (1.248 Gyr) | K-43 (22.3 h) | K-42 (12.321 h) | K-44 (22.13 min) | K-45 (17.81 min) | K-38 (7.637 min) | K-46 (105 s) | K-47 (17.5 s) | K-48 (6.8 s) | K-49 (1.26 s) | K-37 (1.226 s) | K-50 (472 ms) | K-51 (365 ms) | K-36 (342 ms) | K-35 (178 ms) | K-52 (105 ms) | K-53 (30 ms) | K-54 (10 ms) | K-55 (3 ms) | K-34 (25 ns) | K-33 (25 ns) | Ni-59 (76000 yr) | Ni-63 (100.1 yr) | Ni-56 (145.8 h) | Ni-66 (54.7 h) | Ni-57 (35.6 h) | Ni-65 (151.03 min) | Ni-68 (29 s) | Ni-67 (21 s) | Ni-69 (11.4 s) | Ni-70 (6 s) | Ni-71 (2.56 s) | Ni-72 (1.57 s) | Ni-73 (840 ms) | Ni-74 (680 ms) | Ni-75 (600 ms) | Ni-76 (238 ms) | Ni-55 (204.7 ms) | Ni-54 (104 ms) | Ni-53 (45 ms) | Ni-52 (38 ms) | Ni-50 (12 ms) | Ni-49 (7.5 ms) | Ni-48 (500 ns) | Ni-51 (200 ns) | Ni-78 (150 ns) | Ni-77 (150 ns) neutron cross-section | 3.1 b | 2.1 b | 4.5 b neutron mass absorption | 0.0021 m^2/kg | 0.0018 m^2/kg | 0.0026 m^2/kg

| chromium | potassium | nickel CAS number | 7440-47-3 | 7440-09-7 | 7440-02-0 PubChem CID number | 23976 | 5462222 | 935