H2S + NiCl2 = HCl + NiS

H_2S hydrogen sulfide + NiCl_2 nickel(II) chloride ⟶ HCl hydrogen chloride + SNi nickel(II) sulfide

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2S + NiCl_2 ⟶ HCl + SNi Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2S + c_2 NiCl_2 ⟶ c_3 HCl + c_4 SNi Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, S, Cl and Ni: H: | 2 c_1 = c_3 S: | c_1 = c_4 Cl: | 2 c_2 = c_3 Ni: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2S + NiCl_2 ⟶ 2 HCl + SNi

+ ⟶ +

hydrogen sulfide + nickel(II) chloride ⟶ hydrogen chloride + nickel(II) sulfide

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2S + NiCl_2 ⟶ HCl + SNi Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2S + NiCl_2 ⟶ 2 HCl + SNi Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2S | 1 | -1 NiCl_2 | 1 | -1 HCl | 2 | 2 SNi | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2S | 1 | -1 | ([H2S])^(-1) NiCl_2 | 1 | -1 | ([NiCl2])^(-1) HCl | 2 | 2 | ([HCl])^2 SNi | 1 | 1 | [S1Ni1] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2S])^(-1) ([NiCl2])^(-1) ([HCl])^2 [S1Ni1] = (([HCl])^2 [S1Ni1])/([H2S] [NiCl2])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2S + NiCl_2 ⟶ HCl + SNi Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2S + NiCl_2 ⟶ 2 HCl + SNi Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2S | 1 | -1 NiCl_2 | 1 | -1 HCl | 2 | 2 SNi | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2S | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2S])/(Δt) NiCl_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NiCl2])/(Δt) HCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[HCl])/(Δt) SNi | 1 | 1 | (Δ[S1Ni1])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2S])/(Δt) = -(Δ[NiCl2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[HCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[S1Ni1])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| hydrogen sulfide | nickel(II) chloride | hydrogen chloride | nickel(II) sulfide formula | H_2S | NiCl_2 | HCl | SNi Hill formula | H_2S | Cl_2Ni | ClH | NiS name | hydrogen sulfide | nickel(II) chloride | hydrogen chloride | nickel(II) sulfide IUPAC name | hydrogen sulfide | dichloronickel | hydrogen chloride | sulfanylidenenickel

| hydrogen sulfide | nickel(II) chloride | hydrogen chloride | nickel(II) sulfide molar mass | 34.08 g/mol | 129.6 g/mol | 36.46 g/mol | 90.75 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | | gas (at STP) | melting point | -85 °C | | -114.17 °C | boiling point | -60 °C | | -85 °C | density | 0.001393 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | 3.55 g/cm^3 | 0.00149 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | solubility in water | | | miscible | dynamic viscosity | 1.239×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | |