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H2SO4 + KMnO4 + C4H6 = H2O + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + C4H6O4

Input interpretation

H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + KMnO_4 potassium permanganate + CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 1, 3-butadiene ⟶ H_2O water + K_2SO_4 potassium sulfate + MnSO_4 manganese(II) sulfate + HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH succinic acid
H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + KMnO_4 potassium permanganate + CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 1, 3-butadiene ⟶ H_2O water + K_2SO_4 potassium sulfate + MnSO_4 manganese(II) sulfate + HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH succinic acid

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + KMnO_4 + CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ H_2O + K_2SO_4 + MnSO_4 + HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 KMnO_4 + c_3 CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 K_2SO_4 + c_6 MnSO_4 + c_7 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, K, Mn and C: H: | 2 c_1 + 6 c_3 = 2 c_4 + 6 c_7 O: | 4 c_1 + 4 c_2 = c_4 + 4 c_5 + 4 c_6 + 4 c_7 S: | c_1 = c_5 + c_6 K: | c_2 = 2 c_5 Mn: | c_2 = c_6 C: | 4 c_3 = 4 c_7 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_5 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 5/4 c_4 = 3 c_5 = 1 c_6 = 2 c_7 = 5/4 Multiply by the least common denominator, 4, to eliminate fractional coefficients: c_1 = 12 c_2 = 8 c_3 = 5 c_4 = 12 c_5 = 4 c_6 = 8 c_7 = 5 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 12 H_2SO_4 + 8 KMnO_4 + 5 CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ 12 H_2O + 4 K_2SO_4 + 8 MnSO_4 + 5 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + KMnO_4 + CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ H_2O + K_2SO_4 + MnSO_4 + HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 KMnO_4 + c_3 CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 K_2SO_4 + c_6 MnSO_4 + c_7 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, K, Mn and C: H: | 2 c_1 + 6 c_3 = 2 c_4 + 6 c_7 O: | 4 c_1 + 4 c_2 = c_4 + 4 c_5 + 4 c_6 + 4 c_7 S: | c_1 = c_5 + c_6 K: | c_2 = 2 c_5 Mn: | c_2 = c_6 C: | 4 c_3 = 4 c_7 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_5 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 5/4 c_4 = 3 c_5 = 1 c_6 = 2 c_7 = 5/4 Multiply by the least common denominator, 4, to eliminate fractional coefficients: c_1 = 12 c_2 = 8 c_3 = 5 c_4 = 12 c_5 = 4 c_6 = 8 c_7 = 5 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 12 H_2SO_4 + 8 KMnO_4 + 5 CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ 12 H_2O + 4 K_2SO_4 + 8 MnSO_4 + 5 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH

Structures

+ + ⟶ + + +
+ + ⟶ + + +

Names

sulfuric acid + potassium permanganate + 1, 3-butadiene ⟶ water + potassium sulfate + manganese(II) sulfate + succinic acid
sulfuric acid + potassium permanganate + 1, 3-butadiene ⟶ water + potassium sulfate + manganese(II) sulfate + succinic acid

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + KMnO_4 + CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ H_2O + K_2SO_4 + MnSO_4 + HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 12 H_2SO_4 + 8 KMnO_4 + 5 CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ 12 H_2O + 4 K_2SO_4 + 8 MnSO_4 + 5 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 12 | -12 KMnO_4 | 8 | -8 CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 | 5 | -5 H_2O | 12 | 12 K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 MnSO_4 | 8 | 8 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH | 5 | 5 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 12 | -12 | ([H2SO4])^(-12) KMnO_4 | 8 | -8 | ([KMnO4])^(-8) CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 | 5 | -5 | ([CH2=CHCH=CH2])^(-5) H_2O | 12 | 12 | ([H2O])^12 K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 | ([K2SO4])^4 MnSO_4 | 8 | 8 | ([MnSO4])^8 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH | 5 | 5 | ([HOOCCH2CH2COOH])^5 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-12) ([KMnO4])^(-8) ([CH2=CHCH=CH2])^(-5) ([H2O])^12 ([K2SO4])^4 ([MnSO4])^8 ([HOOCCH2CH2COOH])^5 = (([H2O])^12 ([K2SO4])^4 ([MnSO4])^8 ([HOOCCH2CH2COOH])^5)/(([H2SO4])^12 ([KMnO4])^8 ([CH2=CHCH=CH2])^5)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + KMnO_4 + CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ H_2O + K_2SO_4 + MnSO_4 + HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 12 H_2SO_4 + 8 KMnO_4 + 5 CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ 12 H_2O + 4 K_2SO_4 + 8 MnSO_4 + 5 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 12 | -12 KMnO_4 | 8 | -8 CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 | 5 | -5 H_2O | 12 | 12 K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 MnSO_4 | 8 | 8 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH | 5 | 5 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 12 | -12 | ([H2SO4])^(-12) KMnO_4 | 8 | -8 | ([KMnO4])^(-8) CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 | 5 | -5 | ([CH2=CHCH=CH2])^(-5) H_2O | 12 | 12 | ([H2O])^12 K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 | ([K2SO4])^4 MnSO_4 | 8 | 8 | ([MnSO4])^8 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH | 5 | 5 | ([HOOCCH2CH2COOH])^5 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-12) ([KMnO4])^(-8) ([CH2=CHCH=CH2])^(-5) ([H2O])^12 ([K2SO4])^4 ([MnSO4])^8 ([HOOCCH2CH2COOH])^5 = (([H2O])^12 ([K2SO4])^4 ([MnSO4])^8 ([HOOCCH2CH2COOH])^5)/(([H2SO4])^12 ([KMnO4])^8 ([CH2=CHCH=CH2])^5)

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + KMnO_4 + CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ H_2O + K_2SO_4 + MnSO_4 + HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 12 H_2SO_4 + 8 KMnO_4 + 5 CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ 12 H_2O + 4 K_2SO_4 + 8 MnSO_4 + 5 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 12 | -12 KMnO_4 | 8 | -8 CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 | 5 | -5 H_2O | 12 | 12 K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 MnSO_4 | 8 | 8 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH | 5 | 5 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 12 | -12 | -1/12 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) KMnO_4 | 8 | -8 | -1/8 (Δ[KMnO4])/(Δt) CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 | 5 | -5 | -1/5 (Δ[CH2=CHCH=CH2])/(Δt) H_2O | 12 | 12 | 1/12 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[K2SO4])/(Δt) MnSO_4 | 8 | 8 | 1/8 (Δ[MnSO4])/(Δt) HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH | 5 | 5 | 1/5 (Δ[HOOCCH2CH2COOH])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/12 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -1/8 (Δ[KMnO4])/(Δt) = -1/5 (Δ[CH2=CHCH=CH2])/(Δt) = 1/12 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[K2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/8 (Δ[MnSO4])/(Δt) = 1/5 (Δ[HOOCCH2CH2COOH])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + KMnO_4 + CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ H_2O + K_2SO_4 + MnSO_4 + HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 12 H_2SO_4 + 8 KMnO_4 + 5 CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 ⟶ 12 H_2O + 4 K_2SO_4 + 8 MnSO_4 + 5 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 12 | -12 KMnO_4 | 8 | -8 CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 | 5 | -5 H_2O | 12 | 12 K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 MnSO_4 | 8 | 8 HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH | 5 | 5 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 12 | -12 | -1/12 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) KMnO_4 | 8 | -8 | -1/8 (Δ[KMnO4])/(Δt) CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 | 5 | -5 | -1/5 (Δ[CH2=CHCH=CH2])/(Δt) H_2O | 12 | 12 | 1/12 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[K2SO4])/(Δt) MnSO_4 | 8 | 8 | 1/8 (Δ[MnSO4])/(Δt) HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH | 5 | 5 | 1/5 (Δ[HOOCCH2CH2COOH])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/12 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -1/8 (Δ[KMnO4])/(Δt) = -1/5 (Δ[CH2=CHCH=CH2])/(Δt) = 1/12 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[K2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/8 (Δ[MnSO4])/(Δt) = 1/5 (Δ[HOOCCH2CH2COOH])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| sulfuric acid | potassium permanganate | 1, 3-butadiene | water | potassium sulfate | manganese(II) sulfate | succinic acid formula | H_2SO_4 | KMnO_4 | CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 | H_2O | K_2SO_4 | MnSO_4 | HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Hill formula | H_2O_4S | KMnO_4 | C_4H_6 | H_2O | K_2O_4S | MnSO_4 | C_4H_6O_4 name | sulfuric acid | potassium permanganate | 1, 3-butadiene | water | potassium sulfate | manganese(II) sulfate | succinic acid IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | potassium permanganate | buta-1, 3-diene | water | dipotassium sulfate | manganese(+2) cation sulfate | succinic acid
| sulfuric acid | potassium permanganate | 1, 3-butadiene | water | potassium sulfate | manganese(II) sulfate | succinic acid formula | H_2SO_4 | KMnO_4 | CH_2=CHCH=CH_2 | H_2O | K_2SO_4 | MnSO_4 | HOOCCH_2CH_2COOH Hill formula | H_2O_4S | KMnO_4 | C_4H_6 | H_2O | K_2O_4S | MnSO_4 | C_4H_6O_4 name | sulfuric acid | potassium permanganate | 1, 3-butadiene | water | potassium sulfate | manganese(II) sulfate | succinic acid IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | potassium permanganate | buta-1, 3-diene | water | dipotassium sulfate | manganese(+2) cation sulfate | succinic acid

Substance properties

| sulfuric acid | potassium permanganate | 1, 3-butadiene | water | potassium sulfate | manganese(II) sulfate | succinic acid molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 158.03 g/mol | 54.09 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 174.25 g/mol | 150.99 g/mol | 118.09 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 10.371 °C | 240 °C | -109 °C | 0 °C | | 710 °C | 185 °C boiling point | 279.6 °C | | -4.5 °C | 99.9839 °C | | | 100 °C density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.62 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) | 1 g/cm^3 | | 3.25 g/cm^3 | 1.624 g/cm^3 solubility in water | very soluble | | insoluble | | soluble | soluble | surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | | 0.0134 N/m | 0.0728 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 7.54×10^-6 Pa s (at 20 °C) | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | odor | odorless | odorless | | odorless | | | odorless
| sulfuric acid | potassium permanganate | 1, 3-butadiene | water | potassium sulfate | manganese(II) sulfate | succinic acid molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 158.03 g/mol | 54.09 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 174.25 g/mol | 150.99 g/mol | 118.09 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 10.371 °C | 240 °C | -109 °C | 0 °C | | 710 °C | 185 °C boiling point | 279.6 °C | | -4.5 °C | 99.9839 °C | | | 100 °C density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.62 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) | 1 g/cm^3 | | 3.25 g/cm^3 | 1.624 g/cm^3 solubility in water | very soluble | | insoluble | | soluble | soluble | surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | | 0.0134 N/m | 0.0728 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 7.54×10^-6 Pa s (at 20 °C) | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | odor | odorless | odorless | | odorless | | | odorless

Units

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