calcium vs sulfur vs manganese

calcium (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | manganese (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| calcium | sulfur | manganese atomic symbol | Ca | S | Mn atomic number | 20 | 16 | 25 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^2 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Ar]4s^23d^5 Aufbau diagram | 4s | 3p 3s | 3d 4s block | s | p | d group | 2 | 16 | 7 period | 4 | 3 | 4 atomic mass | 40.078 u | 32.06 u | 54.938044 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| calcium | sulfur | manganese phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 842 °C | 115.21 °C | 1246 °C boiling point | 1484 °C | 444.72 °C | 2061 °C critical temperature | | 1314 K | critical pressure | | 20.7 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 8.54 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol | 13.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 155 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol | 220 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 631 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) | 479 J/(kg K) Néel point | | | 100 K (properties at standard conditions)

| calcium | sulfur | manganese density | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 7.47 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 1.819 g/cm^3 | 5.95 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 7.354 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | 2 (≈ gypsum) | 6 (≈ microcline) Brinell hardness | 167 MPa | | 196 MPa bulk modulus | 17 GPa | 7.7 GPa | 120 GPa shear modulus | 7.4 GPa | | Young's modulus | 20 GPa | | 198 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.31 | | tensile yield strength | | | 241 MPa ultimate tensile strength | | | 496 MPa refractive index | | 1.001111 | sound speed | 3810 m/s | | 5150 m/s thermal expansion | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | | 2.17×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) | 7.8 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| calcium | sulfur | manganese electrical type | conductor | insulator | conductor resistivity | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.6×10^-6 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 620000 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.139×10^-5 | -1.22×10^-5 | 9.0387×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.21×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 6.6475×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Néel point | | | 100 K (kelvins) work function | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | | 4.1 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | | 9.914×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (yellow) | (silver) refractive index | | 1.001111 |

| calcium | sulfur | manganese valence | 2 | 6 | 4 electronegativity | 1 | 2.58 | 1.55 electron affinity | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 717.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 717.3 kJ/mol | 1509 kJ/mol | 3248 kJ/mol | 4940 kJ/mol | 6990 kJ/mol | 9220 kJ/mol | 11500 kJ/mol | 18770 kJ/mol | 21400 kJ/mol | 23960 kJ/mol | 27590 kJ/mol | 30330 kJ/mol | 33150 kJ/mol | 38880 kJ/mol | 41987 kJ/mol | 109480 kJ/mol | 118100 kJ/mol | 127100 kJ/mol | 138600 kJ/mol | 148500 kJ/mol | 158600 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| calcium | sulfur | manganese term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^3P_2 | ^6S_(5/2) atomic radius | 180 pm | 100 pm | 140 pm covalent radius | 176 pm | 105 pm | 139 pm van der Waals radius | | 180 pm | (electronic ground state properties)

| calcium | sulfur | manganese universe abundance | 0.007 mass% | 0.05 mass% | 8×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | 0.007 mass% | 0.04 mass% | 0.001 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.1 mass% | 4 mass% | 0.27 mass% crust abundance | 5 mass% | 0.042 mass% | 0.11 mass% ocean abundance | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.093 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% human abundance | 1.4 mass% | 0.2 mass% | 2×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 0.002 mol% | 2×10^-5 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 2×10^-5 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.52 mol% | 2.2 mol% | 0.093 mol% ocean molar abundance | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 0.018 mol% | 2.3×10^-8 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.6 mol% | 0.027 mol% | 0.042 mol% human molar abundance | 0.22 mol% | 0.039 mol% | 2.3×10^-6 mol%