H2O + ZnO = Zn(OH)2

H_2O (water) + ZnO (zinc oxide) ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 (zinc hydroxide)

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + ZnO ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 ZnO ⟶ c_3 Zn(OH)_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O and Zn: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_3 Zn: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + ZnO ⟶ Zn(OH)_2

+ ⟶

water + zinc oxide ⟶ zinc hydroxide

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + ZnO ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + ZnO ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 ZnO | 1 | -1 Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) ZnO | 1 | -1 | ([ZnO])^(-1) Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | [Zn(OH)2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([ZnO])^(-1) [Zn(OH)2] = ([Zn(OH)2])/([H2O] [ZnO])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + ZnO ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + ZnO ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 ZnO | 1 | -1 Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) ZnO | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[ZnO])/(Δt) Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Zn(OH)2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[ZnO])/(Δt) = (Δ[Zn(OH)2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| water | zinc oxide | zinc hydroxide formula | H_2O | ZnO | Zn(OH)_2 Hill formula | H_2O | OZn | H_2O_2Zn name | water | zinc oxide | zinc hydroxide IUPAC name | water | oxozinc | zinc dihydroxide

| water | zinc oxide | zinc hydroxide molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 81.38 g/mol | 99.39 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 0 °C | 1975 °C | boiling point | 99.9839 °C | 2360 °C | density | 1 g/cm^3 | 5.6 g/cm^3 | surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | odorless | odorless |