Input interpretation
calcium (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element)
Periodic table location
Periodic table location
Images
Images
Basic elemental properties
![| calcium | sulfur atomic symbol | Ca | S atomic number | 20 | 16 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^2 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 Aufbau diagram | 4s | 3p 3s block | s | p group | 2 | 16 period | 4 | 3 atomic mass | 40.078 u | 32.06 u half-life | (stable) | (stable)](../image_source/a629f430b236f627a4fc6f718ddb54ea.png)
| calcium | sulfur atomic symbol | Ca | S atomic number | 20 | 16 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^2 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 Aufbau diagram | 4s | 3p 3s block | s | p group | 2 | 16 period | 4 | 3 atomic mass | 40.078 u | 32.06 u half-life | (stable) | (stable)
Thermodynamic properties
| calcium | sulfur phase at STP | solid | solid melting point | 842 °C | 115.21 °C boiling point | 1484 °C | 444.72 °C critical temperature | | 1314 K critical pressure | | 20.7 MPa molar heat of fusion | 8.54 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 155 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 631 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
Material properties
| calcium | sulfur density | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 1.819 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | 2 (≈ gypsum) Brinell hardness | 167 MPa | bulk modulus | 17 GPa | 7.7 GPa shear modulus | 7.4 GPa | Young's modulus | 20 GPa | Poisson ratio | 0.31 | refractive index | | 1.001111 sound speed | 3810 m/s | thermal expansion | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
Electromagnetic properties
| calcium | sulfur electrical type | conductor | insulator resistivity | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.139×10^-5 | -1.22×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | threshold frequency | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | color | (silver) | (yellow) refractive index | | 1.001111
Reactivity
| calcium | sulfur valence | 2 | 6 electronegativity | 1 | 2.58 electron affinity | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Atomic properties
| calcium | sulfur term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^3P_2 atomic radius | 180 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 176 pm | 105 pm van der Waals radius | | 180 pm (electronic ground state properties)
Abundances
| calcium | sulfur universe abundance | 0.007 mass% | 0.05 mass% solar abundance | 0.007 mass% | 0.04 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.1 mass% | 4 mass% crust abundance | 5 mass% | 0.042 mass% ocean abundance | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.093 mass% human abundance | 1.4 mass% | 0.2 mass% universe molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 0.002 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.52 mol% | 2.2 mol% ocean molar abundance | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 0.018 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.6 mol% | 0.027 mol% human molar abundance | 0.22 mol% | 0.039 mol%