Input interpretation
![H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 barium sulfate + H2Cl](../image_source/7f51ead657dee444e5a3973c9d8a1854.png)
H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 barium sulfate + H2Cl
Balanced equation
![Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 + H2Cl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 BaCl ⟶ c_3 BaSO_4 + c_4 H2Cl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, Ba and Cl: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_4 O: | 4 c_1 = 4 c_3 S: | c_1 = c_3 Ba: | c_2 = c_3 Cl: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2SO_4 + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 + H2Cl](../image_source/31e3c045632c8b1ae307b62804439d51.png)
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 + H2Cl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 BaCl ⟶ c_3 BaSO_4 + c_4 H2Cl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, Ba and Cl: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_4 O: | 4 c_1 = 4 c_3 S: | c_1 = c_3 Ba: | c_2 = c_3 Cl: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2SO_4 + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 + H2Cl
Structures
![+ BaCl ⟶ + H2Cl](../image_source/fa40c50fd3196219bd751eb852793875.png)
+ BaCl ⟶ + H2Cl
Names
![sulfuric acid + BaCl ⟶ barium sulfate + H2Cl](../image_source/246dea3b53d128e16520da4b494a9147.png)
sulfuric acid + BaCl ⟶ barium sulfate + H2Cl
Equilibrium constant
![Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 + H2Cl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2SO_4 + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 + H2Cl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 BaCl | 1 | -1 BaSO_4 | 1 | 1 H2Cl | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([H2SO4])^(-1) BaCl | 1 | -1 | ([BaCl])^(-1) BaSO_4 | 1 | 1 | [BaSO4] H2Cl | 1 | 1 | [H2Cl] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-1) ([BaCl])^(-1) [BaSO4] [H2Cl] = ([BaSO4] [H2Cl])/([H2SO4] [BaCl])](../image_source/ee0fd5f051416ae4f3f192811823f3e3.png)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 + H2Cl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2SO_4 + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 + H2Cl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 BaCl | 1 | -1 BaSO_4 | 1 | 1 H2Cl | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([H2SO4])^(-1) BaCl | 1 | -1 | ([BaCl])^(-1) BaSO_4 | 1 | 1 | [BaSO4] H2Cl | 1 | 1 | [H2Cl] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-1) ([BaCl])^(-1) [BaSO4] [H2Cl] = ([BaSO4] [H2Cl])/([H2SO4] [BaCl])
Rate of reaction
![Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 + H2Cl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2SO_4 + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 + H2Cl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 BaCl | 1 | -1 BaSO_4 | 1 | 1 H2Cl | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) BaCl | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[BaCl])/(Δt) BaSO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[BaSO4])/(Δt) H2Cl | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2Cl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -(Δ[BaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[BaSO4])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2Cl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)](../image_source/2bcf86618bd0a1bf63d9cceff2751834.png)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 + H2Cl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2SO_4 + BaCl ⟶ BaSO_4 + H2Cl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 BaCl | 1 | -1 BaSO_4 | 1 | 1 H2Cl | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) BaCl | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[BaCl])/(Δt) BaSO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[BaSO4])/(Δt) H2Cl | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2Cl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -(Δ[BaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[BaSO4])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2Cl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
![| sulfuric acid | BaCl | barium sulfate | H2Cl formula | H_2SO_4 | BaCl | BaSO_4 | H2Cl Hill formula | H_2O_4S | BaCl | BaO_4S | H2Cl name | sulfuric acid | | barium sulfate | IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | | barium(+2) cation sulfate |](../image_source/59a49cf4d02216ce81a9779f7ae8bbb0.png)
| sulfuric acid | BaCl | barium sulfate | H2Cl formula | H_2SO_4 | BaCl | BaSO_4 | H2Cl Hill formula | H_2O_4S | BaCl | BaO_4S | H2Cl name | sulfuric acid | | barium sulfate | IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | | barium(+2) cation sulfate |
Substance properties
![| sulfuric acid | BaCl | barium sulfate | H2Cl molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 172.78 g/mol | 233.38 g/mol | 37.47 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | melting point | 10.371 °C | | 1345 °C | boiling point | 279.6 °C | | | density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | | 4.5 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | very soluble | | insoluble | surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | odor | odorless | | |](../image_source/55fc799d169f4c7337f3e5fc0879279f.png)
| sulfuric acid | BaCl | barium sulfate | H2Cl molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 172.78 g/mol | 233.38 g/mol | 37.47 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | melting point | 10.371 °C | | 1345 °C | boiling point | 279.6 °C | | | density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | | 4.5 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | very soluble | | insoluble | surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | odor | odorless | | |
Units