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zirconium

Input interpretation

zirconium (chemical element)
zirconium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Image

Image
Image

Basic elemental properties

atomic symbol | Zr atomic number | 40 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^2 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s block | d group | 4 period | 5 atomic mass | 91.224 u (unified atomic mass units)
atomic symbol | Zr atomic number | 40 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^2 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s block | d group | 4 period | 5 atomic mass | 91.224 u (unified atomic mass units)

Thermodynamic properties

phase at STP | solid melting point | 1855 °C (rank: 16th) boiling point | 4409 °C (rank: 10th) molar heat of fusion | 21 kJ/mol (rank: 19th) molar heat of vaporization | 580 kJ/mol (rank: 9th) specific heat at STP | 278 J/(kg K) (rank: 40th) (properties at standard conditions)
phase at STP | solid melting point | 1855 °C (rank: 16th) boiling point | 4409 °C (rank: 10th) molar heat of fusion | 21 kJ/mol (rank: 19th) molar heat of vaporization | 580 kJ/mol (rank: 9th) specific heat at STP | 278 J/(kg K) (rank: 40th) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

density | 6.511 g/cm^3 (rank: 55th) liquid density | 5.8 g/cm^3 molar volume | 14.01 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 5 (≈ apatite) Vickers hardness | 903 MPa (rank: 20th) Brinell hardness | 650 MPa (rank: 26th) shear modulus | 33 GPa Young's modulus | 68 GPa (rank: 32nd) Poisson ratio | 0.34 (rank: 12th) tensile yield strength | 230 MPa (rank: 6th) ultimate tensile strength | 330 MPa (rank: 6th) sound speed | 3800 m/s (rank: 23rd) thermal expansion | 5.7×10^-6 K^(-1) (rank: 59th) thermal conductivity | 23 W/(m K) (rank: 48th) (properties at standard conditions)
density | 6.511 g/cm^3 (rank: 55th) liquid density | 5.8 g/cm^3 molar volume | 14.01 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 5 (≈ apatite) Vickers hardness | 903 MPa (rank: 20th) Brinell hardness | 650 MPa (rank: 26th) shear modulus | 33 GPa Young's modulus | 68 GPa (rank: 32nd) Poisson ratio | 0.34 (rank: 12th) tensile yield strength | 230 MPa (rank: 6th) ultimate tensile strength | 330 MPa (rank: 6th) sound speed | 3800 m/s (rank: 23rd) thermal expansion | 5.7×10^-6 K^(-1) (rank: 59th) thermal conductivity | 23 W/(m K) (rank: 48th) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

electrical type | conductor resistivity | 4.2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.09×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.53×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.05 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 9.793×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.61 K (kelvins) color | (silver)
electrical type | conductor resistivity | 4.2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.09×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.53×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.05 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 9.793×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.61 K (kelvins) color | (silver)

Reactivity

valence | 4 electronegativity | 1.33 electron affinity | 41.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 640.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 640.1 kJ/mol | 1270 kJ/mol | 2218 kJ/mol | 3313 kJ/mol | 7752 kJ/mol | 9500 kJ/mol
valence | 4 electronegativity | 1.33 electron affinity | 41.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 640.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 640.1 kJ/mol | 1270 kJ/mol | 2218 kJ/mol | 3313 kJ/mol | 7752 kJ/mol | 9500 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

term symbol | ^3F_2 atomic radius | 155 pm covalent radius | 175 pm (electronic ground state properties)
term symbol | ^3F_2 atomic radius | 155 pm covalent radius | 175 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral zirconium atomic spectrum)
(neutral zirconium atomic spectrum)

Abundances

universe abundance | 5×10^-6 mass% (rank: 28th) solar abundance | 4×10^-6 mass% (rank: 31st) meteorite abundance | 6.6×10^-4 mass% (rank: 28th) crust abundance | 0.013 mass% (rank: 21st) ocean abundance | 2.6×10^-9 mass% (rank: 48th) human abundance | 5×10^-6 mass% (rank: 33rd) universe molar abundance | 7×10^-8 mol% (rank: 30th) solar molar abundance | 5×10^-8 mol% (rank: 31st) meteorite molar abundance | 1.6×10^-4 mol% (rank: 31st) ocean molar abundance | 1.8×10^-10 mol% (rank: 57th) crust molar abundance | 0.003 mol% (rank: 23rd) human molar abundance | 3×10^-7 mol% (rank: 36th)
universe abundance | 5×10^-6 mass% (rank: 28th) solar abundance | 4×10^-6 mass% (rank: 31st) meteorite abundance | 6.6×10^-4 mass% (rank: 28th) crust abundance | 0.013 mass% (rank: 21st) ocean abundance | 2.6×10^-9 mass% (rank: 48th) human abundance | 5×10^-6 mass% (rank: 33rd) universe molar abundance | 7×10^-8 mol% (rank: 30th) solar molar abundance | 5×10^-8 mol% (rank: 31st) meteorite molar abundance | 1.6×10^-4 mol% (rank: 31st) ocean molar abundance | 1.8×10^-10 mol% (rank: 57th) crust molar abundance | 0.003 mol% (rank: 23rd) human molar abundance | 3×10^-7 mol% (rank: 36th)

Nuclear properties

half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Zr-90 (51.45%) | Zr-94 (17.38%) | Zr-92 (17.15%) | Zr-91 (11.22%) nuclear spin | Zr-78: 0^+ | Zr-79: 5/2^+ | Zr-80: 0^+ | Zr-81: 3/2^- | Zr-82: 0^+ | Zr-83: 1/2^- | Zr-84: 0^+ | Zr-85: 7/2^+ | Zr-86: 0^+ | Zr-87: 9/2^+ | Zr-88: 0^+ | Zr-89: 9/2^+ | Zr-90: 0^+ | Zr-91: 5/2^+ | Zr-92: 0^+ | Zr-93: 5/2^+ | Zr-94: 0^+ | Zr-95: 5/2^+ | Zr-96: 0^+ | Zr-97: 1/2^+ | Zr-98: 0^+ | Zr-99: 1/2^+ | Zr-100: 0^+ | Zr-101: 3/2^+ | Zr-102: 0^+ | Zr-103: 5/2^- | Zr-104: 0^+ | Zr-106: 0^+ | Zr-108: 0^+ | Zr-110: 0^+ unstable isotopes | Zr-96 (2×10^19 yr) | Zr-93 (1.53 Myr) | Zr-88 (83.4 days) | Zr-95 (64.032 days) | Zr-89 (78.42 h) | Zr-97 (16.744 h) | Zr-86 (16.5 h) | Zr-87 (100.8 min) | Zr-84 (25.9 min) | Zr-85 (7.87 min) | Zr-83 (41.6 s) | Zr-82 (32 s) | Zr-98 (30.7 s) | Zr-100 (7.1 s) | Zr-81 (5.5 s) | Zr-80 (4.6 s) | Zr-102 (2.9 s) | Zr-101 (2.3 s) | Zr-99 (2.1 s) | Zr-103 (1.3 s) | Zr-104 (1.2 s) | Zr-105 (600 ms) | Zr-106 (200 ms) | Zr-107 (150 ms) | Zr-108 (80 ms) | Zr-109 (60 ms) | Zr-79 (56 ms) | Zr-78 (50 ms) | Zr-110 (150 ns) neutron cross-section | 0.184 b neutron mass absorption | 6.6×10^-4 m^2/kg
half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Zr-90 (51.45%) | Zr-94 (17.38%) | Zr-92 (17.15%) | Zr-91 (11.22%) nuclear spin | Zr-78: 0^+ | Zr-79: 5/2^+ | Zr-80: 0^+ | Zr-81: 3/2^- | Zr-82: 0^+ | Zr-83: 1/2^- | Zr-84: 0^+ | Zr-85: 7/2^+ | Zr-86: 0^+ | Zr-87: 9/2^+ | Zr-88: 0^+ | Zr-89: 9/2^+ | Zr-90: 0^+ | Zr-91: 5/2^+ | Zr-92: 0^+ | Zr-93: 5/2^+ | Zr-94: 0^+ | Zr-95: 5/2^+ | Zr-96: 0^+ | Zr-97: 1/2^+ | Zr-98: 0^+ | Zr-99: 1/2^+ | Zr-100: 0^+ | Zr-101: 3/2^+ | Zr-102: 0^+ | Zr-103: 5/2^- | Zr-104: 0^+ | Zr-106: 0^+ | Zr-108: 0^+ | Zr-110: 0^+ unstable isotopes | Zr-96 (2×10^19 yr) | Zr-93 (1.53 Myr) | Zr-88 (83.4 days) | Zr-95 (64.032 days) | Zr-89 (78.42 h) | Zr-97 (16.744 h) | Zr-86 (16.5 h) | Zr-87 (100.8 min) | Zr-84 (25.9 min) | Zr-85 (7.87 min) | Zr-83 (41.6 s) | Zr-82 (32 s) | Zr-98 (30.7 s) | Zr-100 (7.1 s) | Zr-81 (5.5 s) | Zr-80 (4.6 s) | Zr-102 (2.9 s) | Zr-101 (2.3 s) | Zr-99 (2.1 s) | Zr-103 (1.3 s) | Zr-104 (1.2 s) | Zr-105 (600 ms) | Zr-106 (200 ms) | Zr-107 (150 ms) | Zr-108 (80 ms) | Zr-109 (60 ms) | Zr-79 (56 ms) | Zr-78 (50 ms) | Zr-110 (150 ns) neutron cross-section | 0.184 b neutron mass absorption | 6.6×10^-4 m^2/kg

Identifiers

CAS number | 7440-67-7 PubChem CID number | 23995
CAS number | 7440-67-7 PubChem CID number | 23995

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