lanthanum vs scandium vs praseodymium

lanthanum (chemical element) | scandium (chemical element) | praseodymium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| lanthanum | scandium | praseodymium atomic symbol | La | Sc | Pr atomic number | 57 | 21 | 59 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^25d^1 | [Ar]4s^23d^1 | [Xe]6s^24f^3 Aufbau diagram | 5d 6s | 3d 4s | 4f 6s block | f | d | f group | | 3 | period | 6 | 4 | 6 atomic mass | 138.90547 u | 44.955908 u | 140.90766 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| lanthanum | scandium | praseodymium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 920 °C | 1541 °C | 931 °C boiling point | 3464 °C | 2830 °C | 3290 °C molar heat of fusion | 6.2 kJ/mol | 16 kJ/mol | 6.9 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 400 kJ/mol | 318 kJ/mol | 330 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 195 J/(kg K) | 567 J/(kg K) | 193 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| lanthanum | scandium | praseodymium density | 6.146 g/cm^3 | 2.985 g/cm^3 | 6.64 g/cm^3 liquid density | 5.94 g/cm^3 | 2.8 g/cm^3 | 6.5 g/cm^3 molar volume | 22.6 cm^3/mol | 15.06 cm^3/mol | 21.22 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | | 1.4 (between talc and gypsum) Vickers hardness | 491 MPa | | 400 MPa Brinell hardness | 363 MPa | 750 MPa | 481 MPa bulk modulus | 28 GPa | 57 GPa | 29 GPa shear modulus | 14 GPa | 29 GPa | 15 GPa Young's modulus | 37 GPa | 74 GPa | 37 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 tensile yield strength | 125 MPa | 173 MPa | 100 MPa ultimate tensile strength | 130 MPa | 255 MPa | 110 MPa sound speed | 2475 m/s | | 2280 m/s thermal expansion | 1.21×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.02×10^-5 K^(-1) | 6.7×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 13 W/(m K) | 16 W/(m K) | 13 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| lanthanum | scandium | praseodymium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 6.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.6×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 6.761×10^-5 | 2.627×10^-4 | 0.0028087 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.1×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 8.8×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 4.23×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.528×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.956×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.9604×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.5 eV (Polycrystalline) | threshold frequency | 8.463×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 8.463×10^14 Hz (hertz) | superconducting point | 4.88 K (kelvins) | 0.05 K (kelvins) | color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| lanthanum | scandium | praseodymium valence | 3 | 3 | 4 electronegativity | 1.1 | 1.36 | 1.13 electron affinity | 48 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 18.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 538.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 633.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 527 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 538.1 kJ/mol | 1067 kJ/mol | 1850.3 kJ/mol | 4819 kJ/mol | 5940 kJ/mol | 633.1 kJ/mol | 1235 kJ/mol | 2388.6 kJ/mol | 7090.6 kJ/mol | 8843 kJ/mol | 10679 kJ/mol | 13310 kJ/mol | 15250 kJ/mol | 17370 kJ/mol | 21726 kJ/mol | 24102 kJ/mol | 66320 kJ/mol | 73010 kJ/mol | 80160 kJ/mol | 89490 kJ/mol | 97400 kJ/mol | 105600 kJ/mol | 117000 kJ/mol | 124270 kJ/mol | 547530 kJ/mol | 582163 kJ/mol | 527 kJ/mol | 1020 kJ/mol | 2086 kJ/mol | 3761 kJ/mol | 5551 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| lanthanum | scandium | praseodymium term symbol | ^2D_(3/2) | ^2D_(3/2) | ^4I_(9/2) atomic radius | 195 pm | 160 pm | 185 pm covalent radius | 207 pm | 170 pm | 203 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| lanthanum | scandium | praseodymium universe abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 2.8×10^-5 mass% | 6.4×10^-4 mass% | 9.8×10^-6 mass% crust abundance | 0.0034 mass% | 0.0026 mass% | 8.6×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 3.4×10^-10 mass% | 1.5×10^-10 mass% | 6×10^-11 mass% universe molar abundance | 2×10^-9 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 9.9×10^-8 mol% | 5×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 4×10^-6 mol% | 2.9×10^-4 mol% | 1×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 1.5×10^-11 mol% | 2.1×10^-11 mol% | 2.6×10^-12 mol% crust molar abundance | 5×10^-4 mol% | 0.0012 mol% | 1.3×10^-4 mol%