zirconium vs ruthenium vs yttrium

zirconium (chemical element) | ruthenium (chemical element) | yttrium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| zirconium | ruthenium | yttrium atomic symbol | Zr | Ru | Y atomic number | 40 | 44 | 39 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^2 | [Kr]5s^14d^7 | [Kr]5s^24d^1 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s | 4d 5s | 4d 5s block | d | d | d group | 4 | 8 | 3 period | 5 | 5 | 5 atomic mass | 91.224 u | 101.07 u | 88.90584 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| zirconium | ruthenium | yttrium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1855 °C | 2334 °C | 1526 °C boiling point | 4409 °C | 4150 °C | 3345 °C molar heat of fusion | 21 kJ/mol | 25.7 kJ/mol | 11.4 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 580 kJ/mol | 580 kJ/mol | 380 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 278 J/(kg K) | 238 J/(kg K) | 298 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| zirconium | ruthenium | yttrium density | 6.511 g/cm^3 | 12.37 g/cm^3 | 4.472 g/cm^3 liquid density | 5.8 g/cm^3 | 10.65 g/cm^3 | 4.24 g/cm^3 molar volume | 14.01 cm^3/mol | 8.171 cm^3/mol | 19.88 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 5 (≈ apatite) | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) | Vickers hardness | 903 MPa | 2300 MPa | Brinell hardness | 650 MPa | 2160 MPa | 589 MPa bulk modulus | (unknown) | 220 GPa | 41 GPa shear modulus | 33 GPa | 173 GPa | 26 GPa Young's modulus | 68 GPa | 447 GPa | 64 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.34 | 0.3 | 0.24 tensile yield strength | 230 MPa | | 67 MPa ultimate tensile strength | 330 MPa | | 150 MPa sound speed | 3800 m/s | 5970 m/s | 3300 m/s thermal expansion | 5.7×10^-6 K^(-1) | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.06×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 23 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) | 17 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| zirconium | ruthenium | yttrium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.09×10^-4 | 6.7×10^-5 | 2.978×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 5.42×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 6.66×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.53×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.48×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.921×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.05 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.71 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.1 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 9.793×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 1.139×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 7.496×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.61 K (kelvins) | 0.49 K (kelvins) | 1.3 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| zirconium | ruthenium | yttrium valence | 4 | 6 | 3 electronegativity | 1.33 | 2.2 | 1.22 electron affinity | 41.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 101.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 29.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 640.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 710.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 600 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 640.1 kJ/mol | 1270 kJ/mol | 2218 kJ/mol | 3313 kJ/mol | 7752 kJ/mol | 9500 kJ/mol | 710.2 kJ/mol | 1620 kJ/mol | 2747 kJ/mol | 600 kJ/mol | 1180 kJ/mol | 1980 kJ/mol | 5847 kJ/mol | 7430 kJ/mol | 8970 kJ/mol | 11190 kJ/mol | 12450 kJ/mol | 14110 kJ/mol | 18400 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| zirconium | ruthenium | yttrium term symbol | ^3F_2 | ^5F_5 | ^2D_(3/2) atomic radius | 155 pm | 130 pm | 180 pm covalent radius | 175 pm | 146 pm | 190 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| zirconium | ruthenium | yttrium universe abundance | 5×10^-6 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% | 7×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 4×10^-6 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 6.6×10^-4 mass% | 8.1×10^-5 mass% | 1.9×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 0.013 mass% | 9.9×10^-8 mass% | 0.0029 mass% ocean abundance | 2.6×10^-9 mass% | 7×10^-11 mass% | 1.3×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 5×10^-6 mass% | | universe molar abundance | 7×10^-8 mol% | 5×10^-9 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | 5×10^-8 mol% | 6×10^-9 mol% | 9.9×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1.6×10^-4 mol% | 1.6×10^-5 mol% | 4.3×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 1.8×10^-10 mol% | 4.3×10^-12 mol% | 9×10^-11 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 2×10^-8 mol% | 6.7×10^-4 mol% human molar abundance | 3×10^-7 mol% | |