H2O + Be = H2 + BeO

H_2O water + Be beryllium ⟶ H_2 hydrogen + BeO beryllium oxide

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + Be ⟶ H_2 + BeO Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 Be ⟶ c_3 H_2 + c_4 BeO Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O and Be: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | c_1 = c_4 Be: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + Be ⟶ H_2 + BeO

+ ⟶ +

water + beryllium ⟶ hydrogen + beryllium oxide

| water | beryllium | hydrogen | beryllium oxide molecular enthalpy | -285.8 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -609.4 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -285.8 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -609.4 kJ/mol | H_initial = -285.8 kJ/mol | | H_final = -609.4 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -609.4 kJ/mol - -285.8 kJ/mol = -323.6 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |

| water | beryllium | hydrogen | beryllium oxide molecular entropy | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 10 J/(mol K) | 115 J/(mol K) | 14 J/(mol K) total entropy | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 10 J/(mol K) | 115 J/(mol K) | 14 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 79.91 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 129 J/(mol K) | ΔS_rxn^0 | 129 J/(mol K) - 79.91 J/(mol K) = 49.09 J/(mol K) (endoentropic) | | |

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + Be ⟶ H_2 + BeO Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Be ⟶ H_2 + BeO Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Be | 1 | -1 H_2 | 1 | 1 BeO | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) Be | 1 | -1 | ([Be])^(-1) H_2 | 1 | 1 | [H2] BeO | 1 | 1 | [BeO] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([Be])^(-1) [H2] [BeO] = ([H2] [BeO])/([H2O] [Be])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + Be ⟶ H_2 + BeO Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Be ⟶ H_2 + BeO Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Be | 1 | -1 H_2 | 1 | 1 BeO | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Be | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Be])/(Δt) H_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2])/(Δt) BeO | 1 | 1 | (Δ[BeO])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Be])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2])/(Δt) = (Δ[BeO])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| water | beryllium | hydrogen | beryllium oxide formula | H_2O | Be | H_2 | BeO name | water | beryllium | hydrogen | beryllium oxide IUPAC name | water | beryllium | molecular hydrogen | oxoberyllium

| water | beryllium | hydrogen | beryllium oxide molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 9.0121831 g/mol | 2.016 g/mol | 25.011 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 0 °C | 1278 °C | -259.2 °C | 2410 °C boiling point | 99.9839 °C | 2970 °C | -252.8 °C | 4300 °C density | 1 g/cm^3 | 1.85 g/cm^3 | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 3.01 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | insoluble | | insoluble surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 8.9×10^-6 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless |