scandium vs lutetium vs yttrium

scandium (chemical element) | lutetium (chemical element) | yttrium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| scandium | lutetium | yttrium atomic symbol | Sc | Lu | Y atomic number | 21 | 71 | 39 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^1 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^1 | [Kr]5s^24d^1 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s | 5d 4f 6s | 4d 5s block | d | d | d group | 3 | 3 | 3 period | 4 | 6 | 5 atomic mass | 44.955908 u | 174.9668 u | 88.90584 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| scandium | lutetium | yttrium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1541 °C | 1663 °C | 1526 °C boiling point | 2830 °C | 3402 °C | 3345 °C molar heat of fusion | 16 kJ/mol | 22 kJ/mol | 11.4 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 318 kJ/mol | 415 kJ/mol | 380 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 567 J/(kg K) | 154 J/(kg K) | 298 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| scandium | lutetium | yttrium density | 2.985 g/cm^3 | 9.841 g/cm^3 | 4.472 g/cm^3 liquid density | 2.8 g/cm^3 | 9.3 g/cm^3 | 4.24 g/cm^3 molar volume | 15.06 cm^3/mol | 17.78 cm^3/mol | 19.88 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 2.6 (between calcite and gypsum) | Vickers hardness | | 1160 MPa | Brinell hardness | 750 MPa | 893 MPa | 589 MPa bulk modulus | 57 GPa | 48 GPa | 41 GPa shear modulus | 29 GPa | 27 GPa | 26 GPa Young's modulus | 74 GPa | 69 GPa | 64 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.24 tensile yield strength | 173 MPa | 60 MPa | 67 MPa ultimate tensile strength | 255 MPa | 140 MPa | 150 MPa sound speed | | (unknown) | 3300 m/s thermal expansion | 1.02×10^-5 K^(-1) | 9.9×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.06×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 16 W/(m K) | 16 W/(m K) | 17 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| scandium | lutetium | yttrium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 5.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.627×10^-4 | 1.18×10^-5 | 2.978×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 6.66×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 3.956×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.921×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.3 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.1 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 8.463×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 7.979×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 7.496×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.05 K (kelvins) | 0.1 K (kelvins) | 1.3 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| scandium | lutetium | yttrium valence | 3 | 3 | 3 electronegativity | 1.36 | 1.27 | 1.22 electron affinity | 18.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 29.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 633.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 523.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 600 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 633.1 kJ/mol | 1235 kJ/mol | 2388.6 kJ/mol | 7090.6 kJ/mol | 8843 kJ/mol | 10679 kJ/mol | 13310 kJ/mol | 15250 kJ/mol | 17370 kJ/mol | 21726 kJ/mol | 24102 kJ/mol | 66320 kJ/mol | 73010 kJ/mol | 80160 kJ/mol | 89490 kJ/mol | 97400 kJ/mol | 105600 kJ/mol | 117000 kJ/mol | 124270 kJ/mol | 547530 kJ/mol | 582163 kJ/mol | 523.5 kJ/mol | 1340 kJ/mol | 2022.3 kJ/mol | 4370 kJ/mol | 6445 kJ/mol | 600 kJ/mol | 1180 kJ/mol | 1980 kJ/mol | 5847 kJ/mol | 7430 kJ/mol | 8970 kJ/mol | 11190 kJ/mol | 12450 kJ/mol | 14110 kJ/mol | 18400 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| scandium | lutetium | yttrium term symbol | ^2D_(3/2) | ^2D_(3/2) | ^2D_(3/2) atomic radius | 160 pm | 175 pm | 180 pm covalent radius | 170 pm | 187 pm | 190 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| scandium | lutetium | yttrium universe abundance | 3×10^-6 mass% | 1×10^-8 mass% | 7×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 4×10^-6 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 6.4×10^-4 mass% | 2.9×10^-6 mass% | 1.9×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 0.0026 mass% | 5.6×10^-5 mass% | 0.0029 mass% ocean abundance | 1.5×10^-10 mass% | 1.5×10^-11 mass% | 1.3×10^-9 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-7 mol% | 1×10^-10 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-8 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 9.9×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2.9×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-7 mol% | 4.3×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.1×10^-11 mol% | 5×10^-6 mol% | 9×10^-11 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0012 mol% | 7×10^-6 mol% | 6.7×10^-4 mol%