Input interpretation
palladium (chemical element)
Current commodity price
€1801.96 per troy ounce
Periodic table location
Periodic table location
Image
Image
Basic elemental properties
![atomic symbol | Pd atomic number | 46 short electronic configuration | [Kr]4d^10 Aufbau diagram | 4d block | d group | 10 period | 5 atomic mass | 106.42 u (unified atomic mass units)](../image_source/2db8437574c8741fa59a8435f7b0fb55.png)
atomic symbol | Pd atomic number | 46 short electronic configuration | [Kr]4d^10 Aufbau diagram | 4d block | d group | 10 period | 5 atomic mass | 106.42 u (unified atomic mass units)
Thermodynamic properties
phase at STP | solid melting point | 1554.9 °C (rank: 23rd) boiling point | 2963 °C (rank: 34th) molar heat of fusion | 16.7 kJ/mol (rank: 29th) molar heat of vaporization | 380 kJ/mol (rank: 24th) specific heat at STP | 240 J/(kg K) (rank: 45th) (properties at standard conditions)
Material properties
density | 12.023 g/cm^3 (rank: 20th) liquid density | 10.38 g/cm^3 molar volume | 8.851 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 4.75 (between apatite and fluorite) Vickers hardness | 461 MPa (rank: 33rd) Brinell hardness | 37.3 MPa (rank: 53rd) bulk modulus | 180 GPa (rank: 11th) shear modulus | 44 GPa Young's modulus | 121 GPa (rank: 18th) Poisson ratio | 0.39 (rank: 5th) ultimate tensile strength | 180 MPa (rank: 15th) sound speed | 3070 m/s (rank: 33rd) thermal expansion | 1.18×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 30th) thermal conductivity | 72 W/(m K) (rank: 26th) (properties at standard conditions)
Electromagnetic properties
electrical type | conductor resistivity | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 7.899×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.57×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 6.992×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (5.22 to 5.6) eV threshold frequency | (1.262×10^15 to 1.354×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (silver) (work function range from 2 different crystalline orientations)
Reactivity
valence | 4 electronegativity | 2.2 electron affinity | 53.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 804.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 804.4 kJ/mol | 1870 kJ/mol | 3177 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Atomic properties
term symbol | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 140 pm covalent radius | 139 pm van der Waals radius | 163 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral palladium atomic spectrum)
Abundances
universe abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% (rank: 51st) solar abundance | 3×10^-7 mass% (rank: 48th) meteorite abundance | 6.6×10^-5 mass% (rank: 45th) crust abundance | 6.3×10^-7 mass% (rank: 72nd) universe molar abundance | 2×10^-9 mol% (rank: 52nd) solar molar abundance | 4×10^-9 mol% (rank: 46th) meteorite molar abundance | 1.3×10^-5 mol% (rank: 41st) crust molar abundance | 9.9×10^-8 mol% (rank: 75th)