f-block elements

f-block elements

lanthanum | cerium | praseodymium | neodymium | promethium | samarium | europium | gadolinium | terbium | dysprosium | holmium | erbium | thulium | ytterbium | actinium | thorium | protactinium | uranium | neptunium | plutonium | americium | curium | berkelium | californium | einsteinium | fermium | mendelevium | nobelium (total: 28)

Periodic table location

Images

atomic symbol | all | Ac | Am | Bk | Ce | Cf | Cm | Dy | Er | Es | Eu | Fm | Gd | Ho | La | Md | Nd | No | Np | Pa | Pm | Pr | Pu | Sm | Tb | Th | Tm | U | Yb atomic number | median | 79.5 | highest | 102 (nobelium) | lowest | 57 (lanthanum) | distribution | block | all | f period | all | 6 | 7 atomic mass | median | 200 u | highest | 259 u (nobelium) | lowest | 138.90547 u (lanthanum) | distribution | half-life | median | 1380 yr | highest | 14.06 Gyr (thorium) | lowest | 170 min (nobelium) | distribution |

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 1061 °C | highest | 1750 °C (thorium) | lowest | 640 °C (plutonium) | distribution | boiling point | median | 3100 °C | highest | 4820 °C (thorium) | lowest | 1196 °C (ytterbium) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 10 kJ/mol | highest | 19.9 kJ/mol (erbium) | lowest | 5.5 kJ/mol (cerium) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 300 kJ/mol | highest | 530 kJ/mol (thorium) | lowest | 160 kJ/mol (ytterbium) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 168 J/(kg K) | highest | 240 J/(kg K) (gadolinium) | lowest | 99.1 J/(kg K) (protactinium) | distribution | Néel point | median | 90.5 K | highest | 230 K (terbium) | lowest | 12.5 K (cerium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 8.931 g/cm^3 | highest | 20.45 g/cm^3 (neptunium) | lowest | 5.244 g/cm^3 (europium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 7.4 g/cm^3 | highest | 17.3 g/cm^3 (uranium) | lowest | 5.13 g/cm^3 (europium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 19.17 cm^3/mol | highest | 28.98 cm^3/mol (europium) | lowest | 11.6 cm^3/mol (neptunium) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 2.2 | highest | 6 (≈ microcline) (uranium) | lowest | 1.2 (between talc and gypsum) (neodymium) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 167 MPa | 206 MPa | 270 MPa | 343 MPa | 350 MPa | 400 MPa | 412 MPa | 481 MPa | 491 MPa | 520 MPa | 540 MPa | 570 MPa | 589 MPa | 863 MPa | 1960 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 265 MPa | 343 MPa | 363 MPa | 400 MPa | 412 MPa | 441 MPa | 471 MPa | 481 MPa | 500 MPa | 677 MPa | 746 MPa | 814 MPa | 2400 MPa bulk modulus | median | 38 GPa | highest | 100 GPa (uranium) | lowest | 8.3 GPa (europium) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 22 GPa | highest | 111 GPa (uranium) | lowest | 7.9 GPa (europium) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 56 GPa | highest | 208 GPa (uranium) | lowest | 18 GPa (europium) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.28 tensile yield strength | median | 100 MPa | highest | 275 MPa (plutonium) | lowest | 60 MPa (3 elements) | distribution | ultimate tensile strength | all | 72 MPa | 100 MPa | 110 MPa | 130 MPa | 136 MPa | 138 MPa | 140 MPa | 160 MPa | 170 MPa | 190 MPa | 219 MPa | 246 MPa | 259 MPa | 400 MPa sound speed | median | 2483 m/s | highest | 3155 m/s (uranium) | lowest | 1590 m/s (ytterbium) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 1.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 3.5×10^-5 K^(-1) (europium) | lowest | 6.3×10^-6 K^(-1) (cerium) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 13 W/(m K) | highest | 54 W/(m K) (thorium) | lowest | 6 W/(m K) (neptunium and plutonium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 7.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1.5×10^-6 Ω m (ohm meters) (plutonium) | lowest | 1.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (thorium) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 1.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 6.7×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (thorium) | lowest | 670000 S/m (siemens per meter) (plutonium) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 0.0014473 | highest | 0.1117784 (terbium) | lowest | 3.88×10^-5 (ytterbium) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.2×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 1.36×10^-5 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (terbium) | lowest | 5.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (ytterbium) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 3.0826×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 2.161385×10^-6 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (terbium) | lowest | 1.02×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (ytterbium) | distribution | Curie point | median | 60 K (kelvins) | highest | 292 K (kelvins) (gadolinium) | lowest | 20 K (kelvins) (holmium) | distribution | Néel point | median | 90.5 K (kelvins) | highest | 230 K (kelvins) (terbium) | lowest | 12.5 K (kelvins) (cerium) | distribution | work function | all | 2.5 eV | 2.7 eV | 2.9 eV | 3 eV | 3.2 eV | 3.4 eV | 3.5 eV | (3.63 to 3.9) eV superconducting point | median | 1.38 K (kelvins) | highest | 4.88 K (kelvins) (lanthanum) | lowest | 0.022 K (kelvins) (cerium) | distribution |

valence | median | 3 | highest | 6 (3 elements) | lowest | 3 (16 elements) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.3 | highest | 1.5 (protactinium) | lowest | 1.1 (actinium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (13 elements) | lowest | 48 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lanthanum) first ionization energy | median | 582.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 642 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (nobelium) | lowest | 499 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (actinium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1G_4 | ^1S_0 | ^2D_(3/2) | ^2F_(7/2) | ^3F_2 | ^3H_6 | ^4I_(9/2) | ^4I_(15/2) | ^4K_(11/2) | ^5I_4 | ^5I_(15/2) | ^5I_8 | ^5L_6 | ^6H_(5/2) | ^6H_(15/2) | ^6L_(11/2) | ^7F_0 | ^8S_(7/2) | ^9D_2 atomic radius | median | 180 pm | highest | 195 pm (lanthanum and actinium) | lowest | 175 pm (10 elements) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 196 pm | highest | 215 pm (actinium) | lowest | 169 pm (curium) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)