palladium vs nickel vs platinum

palladium (chemical element) | nickel (chemical element) | platinum (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| palladium | nickel | platinum atomic symbol | Pd | Ni | Pt atomic number | 46 | 28 | 78 short electronic configuration | [Kr]4d^10 | [Ar]4s^23d^8 | [Xe]6s^14f^145d^9 Aufbau diagram | 4d | 3d 4s | 5d 4f 6s block | d | d | d group | 10 | 10 | 10 period | 5 | 4 | 6 atomic mass | 106.42 u | 58.6934 u | 195.084 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| palladium | nickel | platinum phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1554.9 °C | 1455 °C | 1768.3 °C boiling point | 2963 °C | 2913 °C | 3825 °C molar heat of fusion | 16.7 kJ/mol | 17.2 kJ/mol | 20 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 380 kJ/mol | 378 kJ/mol | 490 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 240 J/(kg K) | 445 J/(kg K) | 133 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| palladium | nickel | platinum density | 12.023 g/cm^3 | 8.908 g/cm^3 | 21.45 g/cm^3 liquid density | 10.38 g/cm^3 | 7.81 g/cm^3 | 19.77 g/cm^3 molar volume | 8.851 cm^3/mol | 6.589 cm^3/mol | 9.095 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 4.75 (between apatite and fluorite) | 4 (≈ fluorite) | 3.5 (between calcite and fluorite) Vickers hardness | 461 MPa | 638 MPa | 549 MPa Brinell hardness | 37.3 MPa | 700 MPa | 392 MPa bulk modulus | 180 GPa | 180 GPa | 230 GPa shear modulus | 44 GPa | 76 GPa | 61 GPa Young's modulus | 121 GPa | 200 GPa | 168 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.38 tensile yield strength | | 59 MPa | ultimate tensile strength | 180 MPa | 317 MPa | sound speed | 3070 m/s | 4970 m/s | 2680 m/s thermal expansion | 1.18×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.34×10^-5 K^(-1) | 8.8×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 72 W/(m K) | 91 W/(m K) | 72 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| palladium | nickel | platinum electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 9.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | ferromagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 7.899×10^-4 | | 2.573×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.57×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | | 1.22×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 6.992×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | | 2.38×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | | 631 K (kelvins) | work function | (5.22 to 5.6) eV | (5.04 to 5.35) eV | (5.12 to 5.93) eV threshold frequency | (1.262×10^15 to 1.354×10^15) Hz (hertz) | (1.219×10^15 to 1.294×10^15) Hz (hertz) | (1.238×10^15 to 1.434×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (gray) | (gray)

| palladium | nickel | platinum valence | 4 | 2 | 6 electronegativity | 2.2 | 1.91 | 2.28 electron affinity | 53.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 112 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 205.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 804.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 737.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 870 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 804.4 kJ/mol | 1870 kJ/mol | 3177 kJ/mol | 737.1 kJ/mol | 1753 kJ/mol | 3395 kJ/mol | 5300 kJ/mol | 7339 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12800 kJ/mol | 15600 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 21670 kJ/mol | 30970 kJ/mol | 34000 kJ/mol | 37100 kJ/mol | 41500 kJ/mol | 44800 kJ/mol | 48100 kJ/mol | 55101 kJ/mol | 58570 kJ/mol | 148700 kJ/mol | 159000 kJ/mol | 169400 kJ/mol | 870 kJ/mol | 1791 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| palladium | nickel | platinum term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^3F_4 | ^3D_3 atomic radius | 140 pm | 135 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 139 pm | 124 pm | 136 pm van der Waals radius | 163 pm | 163 pm | 175 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| palladium | nickel | platinum universe abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% | 0.006 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 3×10^-7 mass% | 0.008 mass% | 9×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 6.6×10^-5 mass% | 1.3 mass% | 9.8×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 6.3×10^-7 mass% | 0.0089 mass% | 3.7×10^-6 mass% ocean abundance | | 2×10^-7 mass% | human abundance | | 1×10^-5 mass% | universe molar abundance | 2×10^-9 mol% | 1×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 4×10^-9 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 6×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.44 mol% | 1×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | | 2.1×10^-8 mol% | crust molar abundance | 9.9×10^-8 mol% | 0.0032 mol% | 4×10^-7 mol% human molar abundance | | 1.1×10^-6 mol% |