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NaOH + ZnCl2 = Zn(OH)2 + Na2Cl2

Input interpretation

NaOH sodium hydroxide + ZnCl_2 zinc chloride ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 zinc hydroxide + Na2Cl2
NaOH sodium hydroxide + ZnCl_2 zinc chloride ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 zinc hydroxide + Na2Cl2

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + ZnCl_2 ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Na2Cl2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 ZnCl_2 ⟶ c_3 Zn(OH)_2 + c_4 Na2Cl2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O, Cl and Zn: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Na: | c_1 = 2 c_4 O: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Cl: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_4 Zn: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 NaOH + ZnCl_2 ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Na2Cl2
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + ZnCl_2 ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Na2Cl2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 ZnCl_2 ⟶ c_3 Zn(OH)_2 + c_4 Na2Cl2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O, Cl and Zn: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Na: | c_1 = 2 c_4 O: | c_1 = 2 c_3 Cl: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_4 Zn: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 NaOH + ZnCl_2 ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Na2Cl2

Structures

+ ⟶ + Na2Cl2
+ ⟶ + Na2Cl2

Names

sodium hydroxide + zinc chloride ⟶ zinc hydroxide + Na2Cl2
sodium hydroxide + zinc chloride ⟶ zinc hydroxide + Na2Cl2

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaOH + ZnCl_2 ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Na2Cl2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaOH + ZnCl_2 ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Na2Cl2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 2 | -2 ZnCl_2 | 1 | -1 Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 Na2Cl2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaOH | 2 | -2 | ([NaOH])^(-2) ZnCl_2 | 1 | -1 | ([ZnCl2])^(-1) Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | [Zn(OH)2] Na2Cl2 | 1 | 1 | [Na2Cl2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaOH])^(-2) ([ZnCl2])^(-1) [Zn(OH)2] [Na2Cl2] = ([Zn(OH)2] [Na2Cl2])/(([NaOH])^2 [ZnCl2])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaOH + ZnCl_2 ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Na2Cl2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaOH + ZnCl_2 ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Na2Cl2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 2 | -2 ZnCl_2 | 1 | -1 Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 Na2Cl2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaOH | 2 | -2 | ([NaOH])^(-2) ZnCl_2 | 1 | -1 | ([ZnCl2])^(-1) Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | [Zn(OH)2] Na2Cl2 | 1 | 1 | [Na2Cl2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaOH])^(-2) ([ZnCl2])^(-1) [Zn(OH)2] [Na2Cl2] = ([Zn(OH)2] [Na2Cl2])/(([NaOH])^2 [ZnCl2])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaOH + ZnCl_2 ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Na2Cl2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaOH + ZnCl_2 ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Na2Cl2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 2 | -2 ZnCl_2 | 1 | -1 Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 Na2Cl2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) ZnCl_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[ZnCl2])/(Δt) Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Zn(OH)2])/(Δt) Na2Cl2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2Cl2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[ZnCl2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Zn(OH)2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2Cl2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaOH + ZnCl_2 ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Na2Cl2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaOH + ZnCl_2 ⟶ Zn(OH)_2 + Na2Cl2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 2 | -2 ZnCl_2 | 1 | -1 Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 Na2Cl2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) ZnCl_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[ZnCl2])/(Δt) Zn(OH)_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Zn(OH)2])/(Δt) Na2Cl2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2Cl2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[ZnCl2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Zn(OH)2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2Cl2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| sodium hydroxide | zinc chloride | zinc hydroxide | Na2Cl2 formula | NaOH | ZnCl_2 | Zn(OH)_2 | Na2Cl2 Hill formula | HNaO | Cl_2Zn | H_2O_2Zn | Cl2Na2 name | sodium hydroxide | zinc chloride | zinc hydroxide | IUPAC name | sodium hydroxide | zinc dichloride | zinc dihydroxide |
| sodium hydroxide | zinc chloride | zinc hydroxide | Na2Cl2 formula | NaOH | ZnCl_2 | Zn(OH)_2 | Na2Cl2 Hill formula | HNaO | Cl_2Zn | H_2O_2Zn | Cl2Na2 name | sodium hydroxide | zinc chloride | zinc hydroxide | IUPAC name | sodium hydroxide | zinc dichloride | zinc dihydroxide |

Substance properties

| sodium hydroxide | zinc chloride | zinc hydroxide | Na2Cl2 molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 136.3 g/mol | 99.39 g/mol | 116.9 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | | melting point | 323 °C | 293 °C | | boiling point | 1390 °C | | | density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | | | solubility in water | soluble | soluble | | surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | | odor | | odorless | |
| sodium hydroxide | zinc chloride | zinc hydroxide | Na2Cl2 molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 136.3 g/mol | 99.39 g/mol | 116.9 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | | melting point | 323 °C | 293 °C | | boiling point | 1390 °C | | | density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | | | solubility in water | soluble | soluble | | surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | | odor | | odorless | |

Units

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