Input interpretation
precious metals
Members
ruthenium | rhodium | palladium | silver | osmium | iridium | platinum | gold (total: 8)
Periodic table location
Periodic table location
Images
Images
Basic elemental properties
atomic symbol | all | Ag | Au | Ir | Os | Pd | Pt | Rh | Ru atomic number | median | 61.5 | highest | 79 (gold) | lowest | 44 (ruthenium) block | all | d group | all | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 period | all | 5 | 6 atomic mass | median | 149.05 u | highest | 196.966569 u (gold) | lowest | 101.07 u (ruthenium)
Thermodynamic properties
phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 1866 °C | highest | 3033 °C (osmium) | lowest | 961.78 °C (silver) | distribution | boiling point | median | 3760 °C | highest | 5012 °C (osmium) | lowest | 2162 °C (silver) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 21 kJ/mol | highest | 31 kJ/mol (osmium) | lowest | 11.3 kJ/mol (silver) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 493 kJ/mol | highest | 630 kJ/mol (osmium) | lowest | 255 kJ/mol (silver) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 184 J/(kg K) | highest | 240 J/(kg K) (rhodium and palladium) | lowest | 129.1 J/(kg K) (gold) (properties at standard conditions)
Material properties
density | median | 15.9 g/cm^3 | highest | 22.59 g/cm^3 (osmium) | lowest | 10.49 g/cm^3 (silver) | distribution | liquid density | median | 14.005 g/cm^3 | highest | 20 g/cm^3 (osmium) | lowest | 9.32 g/cm^3 (silver) | distribution | molar volume | median | 8.686 cm^3/mol | highest | 10.283 cm^3/mol (silver) | lowest | 8.171 cm^3/mol (ruthenium) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 5.4 | highest | 7 (≈ quartz) (osmium) | lowest | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) (silver and gold) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 216 MPa | 251 MPa | 461 MPa | 549 MPa | 1246 MPa | 1760 MPa | 2300 MPa | 4140 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 24.5 MPa | 37.3 MPa | 392 MPa | 1100 MPa | 1670 MPa | 2160 MPa | 2450 MPa | 3920 MPa bulk modulus | median | 220 GPa | highest | 380 GPa (rhodium) | lowest | 100 GPa (silver) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 106 GPa | highest | 222 GPa (osmium) | lowest | 27 GPa (gold) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 168 GPa | highest | 528 GPa (iridium) | lowest | 78 GPa (gold) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.44 ultimate tensile strength | all | 120 MPa | 140 MPa | 180 MPa sound speed | median | 3900 m/s | highest | 5970 m/s (ruthenium) | lowest | 1740 m/s (gold) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 8.5×10^-6 K^(-1) | highest | 1.89×10^-5 K^(-1) (silver) | lowest | 5.1×10^-6 K^(-1) (osmium) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 135 W/(m K) | highest | 430 W/(m K) (silver) | lowest | 72 W/(m K) (palladium and platinum) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)
Electromagnetic properties
resistivity | median | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (platinum) | lowest | 1.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (silver) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 1.8×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 6.2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (silver) | lowest | 9.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (platinum) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 5.23×10^-5 | highest | 7.899×10^-4 (palladium) | lowest | -3.44×10^-5 (gold) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 3.55×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 6.57×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (palladium) | lowest | -2.27×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (silver) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 4.34×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 6.992×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (palladium) | lowest | -3.51×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (gold) | distribution | work function | all | 4.71 eV | 4.98 eV | 5.93 eV | (4.52 to 4.74) eV | (5 to 5.76) eV | (5.12 to 5.93) eV | (5.22 to 5.6) eV | (5.31 to 5.47) eV superconducting point | median | 0.49 K (kelvins) | highest | 0.66 K (kelvins) (osmium) | lowest | 0.11 K (kelvins) (iridium) | distribution |
Reactivity
valence | median | 6 | highest | 6 (5 elements) | lowest | 1 (silver) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 2.2 | highest | 2.54 (gold) | lowest | 1.93 (silver) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 117.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 222.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (gold) | lowest | 53.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (palladium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 822 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 890.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (gold) | lowest | 710.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (ruthenium) | distribution |
Atomic properties
term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3D_3 | ^4F_(9/2) | ^5D_4 | ^5F_5 atomic radius | median | 135 pm | highest | 160 pm (silver) | lowest | 130 pm (ruthenium and osmium) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 142 pm | highest | 146 pm (ruthenium) | lowest | 136 pm (platinum and gold) | distribution | van der Waals radius | median | 169 pm | highest | 175 pm (platinum) | lowest | 163 pm (palladium) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)
Abundances
universe abundance | median | 2×10^-7 mass% | highest | 5×10^-7 mass% (platinum) | lowest | 6×10^-8 mass% (3 elements) | distribution | solar abundance | median | 2×10^-7 mass% | highest | 9×10^-7 mass% (platinum) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mass% (silver and gold) | distribution | meteorite abundance | median | 6×10^-5 mass% | highest | 9.8×10^-5 mass% (platinum) | lowest | 1.4×10^-5 mass% (silver) | distribution | crust abundance | median | 2.5×10^-7 mass% | highest | 7.9×10^-6 mass% (silver) | lowest | 4×10^-8 mass% (iridium) | distribution | ocean abundance | median | 5×10^-9 mass% | highest | 1×10^-8 mass% (silver) | lowest | 7×10^-11 mass% (ruthenium) | distribution | universe molar abundance | median | 1.5×10^-9 mol% | highest | 5×10^-9 mol% (ruthenium) | lowest | 4×10^-10 mol% (gold) | distribution | solar molar abundance | median | 2×10^-9 mol% | highest | 6×10^-9 mol% (ruthenium and platinum) | lowest | 9.9×10^-10 mol% (3 elements) | distribution | meteorite molar abundance | median | 6.5×10^-6 mol% | highest | 1.6×10^-5 mol% (ruthenium) | lowest | 2×10^-6 mol% (silver and gold) | distribution | ocean molar abundance | median | 1.6×10^-10 mol% | highest | 5.7×10^-10 mol% (silver) | lowest | 4.3×10^-12 mol% (ruthenium) crust molar abundance | median | 2.5×10^-8 mol% | highest | 2×10^-6 mol% (silver) | lowest | 5×10^-9 mol% (iridium)