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Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 = H2SO4 + CuO + Na2O

Input interpretation

Na_2SO_4 sodium sulfate + Cu(OH)_2 copper hydroxide ⟶ H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + CuO cupric oxide + Na_2O sodium oxide
Na_2SO_4 sodium sulfate + Cu(OH)_2 copper hydroxide ⟶ H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + CuO cupric oxide + Na_2O sodium oxide

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Na_2SO_4 + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + CuO + Na_2O Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Na_2SO_4 + c_2 Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ c_3 H_2SO_4 + c_4 CuO + c_5 Na_2O Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Na, O, S, Cu and H: Na: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_5 O: | 4 c_1 + 2 c_2 = 4 c_3 + c_4 + c_5 S: | c_1 = c_3 Cu: | c_2 = c_4 H: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | Na_2SO_4 + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + CuO + Na_2O
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Na_2SO_4 + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + CuO + Na_2O Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Na_2SO_4 + c_2 Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ c_3 H_2SO_4 + c_4 CuO + c_5 Na_2O Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Na, O, S, Cu and H: Na: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_5 O: | 4 c_1 + 2 c_2 = 4 c_3 + c_4 + c_5 S: | c_1 = c_3 Cu: | c_2 = c_4 H: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | Na_2SO_4 + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + CuO + Na_2O

Structures

+ ⟶ + +
+ ⟶ + +

Names

sodium sulfate + copper hydroxide ⟶ sulfuric acid + cupric oxide + sodium oxide
sodium sulfate + copper hydroxide ⟶ sulfuric acid + cupric oxide + sodium oxide

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Na_2SO_4 + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + CuO + Na_2O Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Na_2SO_4 + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + CuO + Na_2O Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Na_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 CuO | 1 | 1 Na_2O | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Na_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([Na2SO4])^(-1) Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Cu(OH)2])^(-1) H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | [H2SO4] CuO | 1 | 1 | [CuO] Na_2O | 1 | 1 | [Na2O] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Na2SO4])^(-1) ([Cu(OH)2])^(-1) [H2SO4] [CuO] [Na2O] = ([H2SO4] [CuO] [Na2O])/([Na2SO4] [Cu(OH)2])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Na_2SO_4 + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + CuO + Na_2O Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Na_2SO_4 + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + CuO + Na_2O Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Na_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 CuO | 1 | 1 Na_2O | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Na_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([Na2SO4])^(-1) Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Cu(OH)2])^(-1) H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | [H2SO4] CuO | 1 | 1 | [CuO] Na_2O | 1 | 1 | [Na2O] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Na2SO4])^(-1) ([Cu(OH)2])^(-1) [H2SO4] [CuO] [Na2O] = ([H2SO4] [CuO] [Na2O])/([Na2SO4] [Cu(OH)2])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Na_2SO_4 + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + CuO + Na_2O Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Na_2SO_4 + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + CuO + Na_2O Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Na_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 CuO | 1 | 1 Na_2O | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Na_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Cu(OH)2])/(Δt) H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) CuO | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CuO])/(Δt) Na_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2O])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Cu(OH)2])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = (Δ[CuO])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2O])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Na_2SO_4 + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + CuO + Na_2O Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Na_2SO_4 + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ H_2SO_4 + CuO + Na_2O Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Na_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 CuO | 1 | 1 Na_2O | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Na_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Cu(OH)2])/(Δt) H_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) CuO | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CuO])/(Δt) Na_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2O])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Cu(OH)2])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = (Δ[CuO])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2O])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| sodium sulfate | copper hydroxide | sulfuric acid | cupric oxide | sodium oxide formula | Na_2SO_4 | Cu(OH)_2 | H_2SO_4 | CuO | Na_2O Hill formula | Na_2O_4S | CuH_2O_2 | H_2O_4S | CuO | Na_2O name | sodium sulfate | copper hydroxide | sulfuric acid | cupric oxide | sodium oxide IUPAC name | disodium sulfate | copper dihydroxide | sulfuric acid | | disodium oxygen(-2) anion
| sodium sulfate | copper hydroxide | sulfuric acid | cupric oxide | sodium oxide formula | Na_2SO_4 | Cu(OH)_2 | H_2SO_4 | CuO | Na_2O Hill formula | Na_2O_4S | CuH_2O_2 | H_2O_4S | CuO | Na_2O name | sodium sulfate | copper hydroxide | sulfuric acid | cupric oxide | sodium oxide IUPAC name | disodium sulfate | copper dihydroxide | sulfuric acid | | disodium oxygen(-2) anion

Substance properties

| sodium sulfate | copper hydroxide | sulfuric acid | cupric oxide | sodium oxide molar mass | 142.04 g/mol | 97.56 g/mol | 98.07 g/mol | 79.545 g/mol | 61.979 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 884 °C | | 10.371 °C | 1326 °C | boiling point | 1429 °C | | 279.6 °C | 2000 °C | density | 2.68 g/cm^3 | | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | 6.315 g/cm^3 | 2.27 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | | very soluble | insoluble | surface tension | | | 0.0735 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | | | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | | | odorless | |
| sodium sulfate | copper hydroxide | sulfuric acid | cupric oxide | sodium oxide molar mass | 142.04 g/mol | 97.56 g/mol | 98.07 g/mol | 79.545 g/mol | 61.979 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 884 °C | | 10.371 °C | 1326 °C | boiling point | 1429 °C | | 279.6 °C | 2000 °C | density | 2.68 g/cm^3 | | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | 6.315 g/cm^3 | 2.27 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | | very soluble | insoluble | surface tension | | | 0.0735 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | | | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | | | odorless | |

Units

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