nickel vs silver vs cadmium

nickel (chemical element) | silver (chemical element) | cadmium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| nickel | silver | cadmium atomic symbol | Ni | Ag | Cd atomic number | 28 | 47 | 48 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^8 | [Kr]5s^14d^10 | [Kr]5s^24d^10 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s | 4d 5s | 4d 5s block | d | d | d group | 10 | 11 | 12 period | 4 | 5 | 5 atomic mass | 58.6934 u | 107.8682 u | 112.414 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| nickel | silver | cadmium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1455 °C | 961.78 °C | 321.07 °C boiling point | 2913 °C | 2162 °C | 767 °C molar heat of fusion | 17.2 kJ/mol | 11.3 kJ/mol | 6.3 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 378 kJ/mol | 255 kJ/mol | 100 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 445 J/(kg K) | 235 J/(kg K) | 230 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| nickel | silver | cadmium density | 8.908 g/cm^3 | 10.49 g/cm^3 | 8.65 g/cm^3 liquid density | 7.81 g/cm^3 | 9.32 g/cm^3 | 7.996 g/cm^3 molar volume | 6.589 cm^3/mol | 10.283 cm^3/mol | 13 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 4 (≈ fluorite) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 2 (≈ gypsum) Vickers hardness | 638 MPa | 251 MPa | Brinell hardness | 700 MPa | 24.5 MPa | 203 MPa bulk modulus | 180 GPa | 100 GPa | 42 GPa shear modulus | 76 GPa | 30 GPa | 19 GPa Young's modulus | 200 GPa | 83 GPa | 50 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.3 tensile yield strength | 59 MPa | | ultimate tensile strength | 317 MPa | 140 MPa | 75 MPa sound speed | 4970 m/s | 2600 m/s | 2310 m/s thermal expansion | 1.34×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.89×10^-5 K^(-1) | 3.08×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 91 W/(m K) | 430 W/(m K) | 97 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| nickel | silver | cadmium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 6.2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | ferromagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | | -2.38×10^-5 | -1.99×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | | -2.27×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | | -2.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.59×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | 631 K (kelvins) | | work function | (5.04 to 5.35) eV | (4.52 to 4.74) eV | 4.08 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | (1.219×10^15 to 1.294×10^15) Hz (hertz) | (1.093×10^15 to 1.146×10^15) Hz (hertz) | 9.865×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 0.517 K (kelvins) color | (gray) | (silver) | (silver)

| nickel | silver | cadmium valence | 2 | 1 | 2 electronegativity | 1.91 | 1.93 | 1.69 electron affinity | 112 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 125.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 731 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 867.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.1 kJ/mol | 1753 kJ/mol | 3395 kJ/mol | 5300 kJ/mol | 7339 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12800 kJ/mol | 15600 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 21670 kJ/mol | 30970 kJ/mol | 34000 kJ/mol | 37100 kJ/mol | 41500 kJ/mol | 44800 kJ/mol | 48100 kJ/mol | 55101 kJ/mol | 58570 kJ/mol | 148700 kJ/mol | 159000 kJ/mol | 169400 kJ/mol | 731 kJ/mol | 2070 kJ/mol | 3361 kJ/mol | 867.8 kJ/mol | 1631.4 kJ/mol | 3616 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| nickel | silver | cadmium term symbol | ^3F_4 | ^2S_(1/2) | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 135 pm | 160 pm | 155 pm covalent radius | 124 pm | 145 pm | 144 pm van der Waals radius | 163 pm | 172 pm | 158 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| nickel | silver | cadmium universe abundance | 0.006 mass% | 6×10^-8 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 0.008 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% | 6×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.3 mass% | 1.4×10^-5 mass% | 4.4×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 0.0089 mass% | 7.9×10^-6 mass% | 1.5×10^-5 mass% ocean abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-8 mass% | 5×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 1×10^-5 mass% | | 7×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-4 mol% | 7×10^-10 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 7×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.44 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% | 6×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.1×10^-8 mol% | 5.7×10^-10 mol% | 2.8×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0032 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% human molar abundance | 1.1×10^-6 mol% | | 3.9×10^-6 mol%