carbon, hydrogen, gallium

carbon (chemical element) | hydrogen (chemical element) | gallium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| carbon | hydrogen | gallium atomic symbol | C | H | Ga atomic number | 6 | 1 | 31 short electronic configuration | [He]2s^22p^2 | 1s^1 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^1 Aufbau diagram | 2p 2s | 1s | 4p 3d 4s block | p | s | p group | 14 | 1 | 13 period | 2 | 1 | 4 atomic mass | 12.011 u | 1.008 u | 69.723 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| carbon | hydrogen | gallium phase at STP | solid | gas | solid melting point | 3550 °C | -259.14 °C | 29.76 °C boiling point | 4027 °C | -252.87 °C | 2204 °C critical temperature | | 32.97 K | critical pressure | | 1.293 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 105 kJ/mol | 0.558 kJ/mol | 5.59 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 715 kJ/mol | 0.452 kJ/mol | 256 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 710 J/(kg K) | 14300 J/(kg K) | 371 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)

| carbon | hydrogen | gallium density | 2.26 g/cm^3 | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 | 5.904 g/cm^3 liquid density | | | 6.095 g/cm^3 molar volume | 5.315 cm^3/mol | 11200 cm^3/mol | 11.81 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | | | 60 MPa bulk modulus | 33 GPa | | refractive index | 2.417 | 1.000132 | sound speed | 18350 m/s | 1270 m/s | 2740 m/s thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) | | 1.2×10^-4 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 0.1805 W/(m K) | 29 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| carbon | hydrogen | gallium electrical type | conductor | | conductor resistivity | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) | | 1.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) | | 7.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.4×10^-5 | -2.23×10^-9 | -1.77×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.48×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -7.45×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -4.999×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | | 4.32 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | | 1.045×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 1.083 K (kelvins) color | (black) | (colorless) | (silver) refractive index | 2.417 | 1.000132 |

| carbon | hydrogen | gallium valence | 4 | 1 | 3 electronegativity | 2.55 | 2.2 | 1.81 electron affinity | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 72.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 28.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1312 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 578.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1086.5 kJ/mol | 2352.6 kJ/mol | 4620.5 kJ/mol | 6222.7 kJ/mol | 37831 kJ/mol | 47277 kJ/mol | 1312 kJ/mol | 578.8 kJ/mol | 1979.3 kJ/mol | 2963 kJ/mol | 6180 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| carbon | hydrogen | gallium term symbol | ^3P_0 | ^2S_(1/2) | ^2P_(1/2) atomic radius | 70 pm | 25 pm | 130 pm covalent radius | 76 pm | 31 pm | 122 pm van der Waals radius | 170 pm | 120 pm | 187 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| carbon | hydrogen | gallium universe abundance | 0.5 mass% | 75 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 0.3 mass% | 75 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.5 mass% | 2.4 mass% | 7.6×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 0.18 mass% | 0.15 mass% | 0.0019 mass% ocean abundance | 0.0028 mass% | 11 mass% | 3×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 23 mass% | 10 mass% | universe molar abundance | 0.05 mol% | 93 mol% | 2×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.03 mol% | 93 mol% | 6×10^-8 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1.8 mol% | 17 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.0014 mol% | 66 mol% | 2.7×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.31 mol% | 3.1 mol% | 5.5×10^-4 mol% human molar abundance | 12 mol% | 62 mol% |

| carbon | hydrogen | gallium half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable) stable isotopes | C-12 (98.89%) | C-13 (1.11%) | H-1 (99.985%) | H-2 (1.5×10^-4) | Ga-69 (60.108%) | Ga-71 (39.892%) nuclear spin | C-8: 0^+ | C-9: 3/2^- | C-10: 0^+ | C-11: 3/2^- | C-12: 0^+ | C-13: 1/2^- | C-14: 0^+ | C-15: 1/2^+ | C-16: 0^+ | C-17: 3/2^+ | C-18: 0^+ | C-19: 1/2^+ | C-20: 0^+ | C-21: 1/2^+ | C-22: 0^+ | H-1: 1/2^+ | H-2: 1^+ | H-3: 1/2^+ | H-4: 2^- | H-5: 1/2^+ | H-6: 2^- | H-7: 1/2^+ | Ga-56: 3^+ | Ga-57: 1/2^- | Ga-58: 2^+ | Ga-59: 3/2^- | Ga-60: 2^+ | Ga-61: 3/2^- | Ga-62: 0^+ | Ga-63: 3/2^- | Ga-64: 0^+ | Ga-65: 3/2^- | Ga-66: 0^+ | Ga-67: 3/2^- | Ga-68: 1^+ | Ga-69: 3/2^- | Ga-70: 1^+ | Ga-71: 3/2^- | Ga-72: 3^- | Ga-73: 3/2^- | Ga-74: 3^- | Ga-75: 3/2^- | Ga-77: 3/2^- | Ga-78: 3^+ | Ga-79: 3/2^- | Ga-80: 3^? | Ga-81: 5/2^- | Ga-83: 3/2^- | Ga-85: 3/2^- unstable isotopes | C-14 (5700 yr) | C-11 (20.334 min) | C-10 (19.29 s) | C-15 (2.449 s) | C-16 (747 ms) | C-17 (193 ms) | C-9 (126.5 ms) | C-18 (92 ms) | C-19 (49 ms) | C-20 (14 ms) | C-22 (6.2 ms) | C-21 (30 ns) | C-8 (2 zs) | H-3 (12.32 yr) | H-6 (0.29 zs) | H-4 (0.139 zs) | H-5 (0.08 zs) | H-7 (0.023 zs) | Ga-67 (78.281 h) | Ga-72 (14.1 h) | Ga-66 (9.5 h) | Ga-73 (4.86 h) | Ga-68 (67.72 min) | Ga-70 (21.13 min) | Ga-65 (15.2 min) | Ga-74 (8.12 min) | Ga-64 (157.6 s) | Ga-75 (126 s) | Ga-76 (32.6 s) | Ga-63 (32.4 s) | Ga-77 (13.2 s) | Ga-78 (5.09 s) | Ga-79 (2.847 s) | Ga-80 (1.676 s) | Ga-81 (1.217 s) | Ga-82 (599 ms) | Ga-83 (308 ms) | Ga-61 (168 ms) | Ga-62 (116.12 ms) | Ga-84 (85 ms) | Ga-60 (70 ms) | Ga-86 (150 ns) | Ga-85 (150 ns) neutron cross-section | 0.0035 b | 0.332 b | 2.9 b neutron mass absorption | 1.5×10^-5 m^2/kg | 0.011 m^2/kg | 0.0015 m^2/kg

| carbon | hydrogen | gallium CAS number | 7440-44-0 | 1333-74-0 | 7440-55-3 PubChem CID number | | 783 | 5360835