Input interpretation
calcium hydroxide + sodium bicarbonate ⟶ water + sodium hydroxide + calcium carbonate
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 + c_5 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Ca, H, O, C and Na: Ca: | c_1 = c_5 H: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_3 + c_4 O: | 2 c_1 + 3 c_2 = c_3 + c_4 + 3 c_5 C: | c_2 = c_5 Na: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | + ⟶ + +
Structures
+ ⟶ + +
Names
calcium hydroxide + sodium bicarbonate ⟶ water + sodium hydroxide + calcium carbonate
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| calcium hydroxide | sodium bicarbonate | water | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate molecular enthalpy | -985.2 kJ/mol | -950.8 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -425.8 kJ/mol | -1208 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -985.2 kJ/mol | -950.8 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -425.8 kJ/mol | -1208 kJ/mol | H_initial = -1936 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1919 kJ/mol | | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1919 kJ/mol - -1936 kJ/mol = 16.77 kJ/mol (endothermic) | | | |
Gibbs free energy
| calcium hydroxide | sodium bicarbonate | water | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate molecular free energy | -897.5 kJ/mol | -851 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -379.7 kJ/mol | -1129 kJ/mol total free energy | -897.5 kJ/mol | -851 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -379.7 kJ/mol | -1129 kJ/mol | G_initial = -1749 kJ/mol | | G_final = -1746 kJ/mol | | ΔG_rxn^0 | -1746 kJ/mol - -1749 kJ/mol = 2.6 kJ/mol (endergonic) | | | |
Entropy
| calcium hydroxide | sodium bicarbonate | water | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate molecular entropy | 83 J/(mol K) | 102 J/(mol K) | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 64 J/(mol K) | 91.7 J/(mol K) total entropy | 83 J/(mol K) | 102 J/(mol K) | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 64 J/(mol K) | 91.7 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 185 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 225.6 J/(mol K) | | ΔS_rxn^0 | 225.6 J/(mol K) - 185 J/(mol K) = 40.61 J/(mol K) (endoentropic) | | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| calcium hydroxide | sodium bicarbonate | water | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate Hill formula | CaH_2O_2 | CHNaO_3 | H_2O | HNaO | CCaO_3 name | calcium hydroxide | sodium bicarbonate | water | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate IUPAC name | calcium dihydroxide | sodium hydrogen carbonate | water | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate
Substance properties
| calcium hydroxide | sodium bicarbonate | water | sodium hydroxide | calcium carbonate molar mass | 74.092 g/mol | 84.006 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 100.09 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 550 °C | 270 °C | 0 °C | 323 °C | 1340 °C boiling point | | | 99.9839 °C | 1390 °C | density | 2.24 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 2.71 g/cm^3 solubility in water | slightly soluble | soluble | | soluble | insoluble surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | 0.07435 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | odor | odorless | odorless | odorless | |
Units
