Cl2O = O2 + Cl2

Cl_2O chlorine monoxide ⟶ O_2 oxygen + Cl_2 chlorine

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Cl_2O ⟶ O_2 + Cl_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Cl_2O ⟶ c_2 O_2 + c_3 Cl_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl and O: Cl: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | c_1 = 2 c_2 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 Cl_2O ⟶ O_2 + 2 Cl_2

⟶ +

chlorine monoxide ⟶ oxygen + chlorine

| chlorine monoxide | oxygen | chlorine molecular enthalpy | 80.3 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol total enthalpy | 160.6 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | H_initial = 160.6 kJ/mol | H_final = 0 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | 0 kJ/mol - 160.6 kJ/mol = -160.6 kJ/mol (exothermic) | |

| chlorine monoxide | oxygen | chlorine molecular free energy | 97.9 kJ/mol | 231.7 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol total free energy | 195.8 kJ/mol | 231.7 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | G_initial = 195.8 kJ/mol | G_final = 231.7 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | 231.7 kJ/mol - 195.8 kJ/mol = 35.9 kJ/mol (endergonic) | |

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Cl_2O ⟶ O_2 + Cl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 Cl_2O ⟶ O_2 + 2 Cl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Cl_2O | 2 | -2 O_2 | 1 | 1 Cl_2 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Cl_2O | 2 | -2 | ([Cl2O])^(-2) O_2 | 1 | 1 | [O2] Cl_2 | 2 | 2 | ([Cl2])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Cl2O])^(-2) [O2] ([Cl2])^2 = ([O2] ([Cl2])^2)/([Cl2O])^2

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Cl_2O ⟶ O_2 + Cl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 Cl_2O ⟶ O_2 + 2 Cl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Cl_2O | 2 | -2 O_2 | 1 | 1 Cl_2 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Cl_2O | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Cl2O])/(Δt) O_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[O2])/(Δt) Cl_2 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[Cl2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[O2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| chlorine monoxide | oxygen | chlorine formula | Cl_2O | O_2 | Cl_2 name | chlorine monoxide | oxygen | chlorine IUPAC name | chloro hypochlorite | molecular oxygen | molecular chlorine

| chlorine monoxide | oxygen | chlorine molar mass | 86.9 g/mol | 31.998 g/mol | 70.9 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | gas (at STP) | gas (at STP) melting point | -120.6 °C | -218 °C | -101 °C boiling point | 2.2 °C | -183 °C | -34 °C density | 0.003552 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) | 0.001429 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 0.003214 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) solubility in water | slightly soluble | | surface tension | | 0.01347 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | 2.055×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | | odorless |