bismuth vs aluminum vs tin vs lead

bismuth (chemical element) | aluminum (chemical element) | tin (chemical element) | lead (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration bismuth | Bi | 83 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^3 aluminum | Al | 13 | [Ne]3s^23p^1 tin | Sn | 50 | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^2 lead | Pb | 82 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^2 | Aufbau diagram | block | group bismuth | 6p 5d 4f 6s | p | 15 aluminum | 3p 3s | p | 13 tin | 5p 4d 5s | p | 14 lead | 6p 5d 4f 6s | p | 14 | period | atomic mass | half-life bismuth | 6 | 208.9804 u | 1.9×10^19 yr aluminum | 3 | 26.9815385 u | (stable) tin | 5 | 118.71 u | (stable) lead | 6 | 207.2 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 299.4 °C | highest | 660.32 °C (aluminum) | lowest | 231.93 °C (tin) | distribution | boiling point | median | 2134 °C | highest | 2602 °C (tin) | lowest | 1564 °C (bismuth) molar heat of fusion | median | 8.8 kJ/mol | highest | 10.9 kJ/mol (bismuth) | lowest | 4.77 kJ/mol (lead) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 234 kJ/mol | highest | 293 kJ/mol (aluminum) | lowest | 160 kJ/mol (bismuth) specific heat at STP | median | 172 J/(kg K) | highest | 904 J/(kg K) (aluminum) | lowest | 122 J/(kg K) (bismuth) (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 8.545 g/cm^3 | highest | 11.34 g/cm^3 (lead) | lowest | 2.7 g/cm^3 (aluminum) | distribution | liquid density | median | 8.52 g/cm^3 | highest | 10.66 g/cm^3 (lead) | lowest | 2.375 g/cm^3 (aluminum) | distribution | molar volume | median | 17.26 cm^3/mol | highest | 21.37 cm^3/mol (bismuth) | lowest | 10 cm^3/mol (aluminum) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 1.9 | highest | 2.75 (between calcite and gypsum) (aluminum) | lowest | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) (tin and lead) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 167 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 38.3 MPa | 51 MPa | 94.2 MPa | 245 MPa bulk modulus | median | 52 GPa | highest | 76 GPa (aluminum) | lowest | 31 GPa (bismuth) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 15 GPa | highest | 26 GPa (aluminum) | lowest | 5.6 GPa (lead) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 41 GPa | highest | 70 GPa (aluminum) | lowest | 16 GPa (lead) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.44 ultimate tensile strength | all | 18 MPa | 220 MPa sound speed | median | 2100 m/s | highest | 5100 m/s (aluminum) | lowest | 1260 m/s (lead) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 2.3×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 2.89×10^-5 K^(-1) (lead) | lowest | 1.34×10^-5 K^(-1) (bismuth) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 51 W/(m K) | highest | 235 W/(m K) (aluminum) | lowest | 8 W/(m K) (bismuth) (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 1.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1.3×10^-6 Ω m (ohm meters) (bismuth) | lowest | 2.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (aluminum) electrical conductivity | median | 6.9×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 3.8×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (aluminum) | lowest | 770000 S/m (siemens per meter) (bismuth) volume magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.98×10^-5 | highest | 2.11×10^-5 (aluminum) | lowest | -1.7×10^-4 (bismuth) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | -2.3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 7.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (aluminum) | lowest | -1.7×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (bismuth) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | -3.4×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 2.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (aluminum) | lowest | -3.6×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (bismuth) | distribution | work function | all | 4.25 eV | 4.34 eV | 4.42 eV | (4.06 to 4.26) eV superconducting point | median | 3.72 K (kelvins) | highest | 7.2 K (kelvins) (lead) | lowest | 1.175 K (kelvins) (aluminum) | distribution |

valence | median | 4 | highest | 5 (bismuth) | lowest | 3 (aluminum) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.99 | highest | 2.33 (lead) | lowest | 1.61 (aluminum) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 66.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 107.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (tin) | lowest | 35.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lead) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 706 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 715.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lead) | lowest | 577.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (aluminum)

term symbol | all | ^2P_(1/2) | ^3P_0 | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | median | 152 pm | highest | 180 pm (lead) | lowest | 125 pm (aluminum) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 142 pm | highest | 148 pm (bismuth) | lowest | 121 pm (aluminum) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 7×10^-7 mass% | highest | 0.005 mass% (aluminum) | lowest | 7×10^-8 mass% (bismuth) solar abundance | median | 1×10^-6 mass% | highest | 0.006 mass% (aluminum) | lowest | 9×10^-7 mass% (tin) meteorite abundance | median | 1.3×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.91 mass% (aluminum) | lowest | 6.9×10^-6 mass% (bismuth) crust abundance | median | 6.1×10^-4 mass% | highest | 8.1 mass% (aluminum) | lowest | 2.5×10^-6 mass% (bismuth) ocean abundance | median | 2.5×10^-9 mass% | highest | 5×10^-7 mass% (aluminum) | lowest | 1×10^-9 mass% (tin) human abundance | median | 9×10^-5 mass% | highest | 1.7×10^-4 mass% (lead) | lowest | 2×10^-5 mass% (tin) | distribution | universe molar abundance | median | 5×10^-9 mol% | highest | 2×10^-4 mol% (aluminum) | lowest | 4×10^-10 mol% (bismuth) solar molar abundance | median | 8.5×10^-9 mol% | highest | 3×10^-4 mol% (aluminum) | lowest | 7×10^-9 mol% (bismuth and lead) meteorite molar abundance | median | 1.4×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.67 mol% (aluminum) | lowest | 5×10^-7 mol% (bismuth) ocean molar abundance | median | 7.5×10^-11 mol% | highest | 1.1×10^-7 mol% (aluminum) | lowest | 5.2×10^-11 mol% (tin) crust molar abundance | median | 6.8×10^-5 mol% | highest | 6.3 mol% (aluminum) | lowest | 2×10^-7 mol% (bismuth) human molar abundance | median | 5×10^-6 mol% | highest | 2.1×10^-5 mol% (aluminum) | lowest | 1.1×10^-6 mol% (tin) | distribution |