aluminum vs oxygen vs thorium vs calcium

aluminum (chemical element) | oxygen (chemical element) | thorium (chemical element) | calcium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration aluminum | Al | 13 | [Ne]3s^23p^1 oxygen | O | 8 | [He]2s^22p^4 thorium | Th | 90 | [Rn]7s^26d^2 calcium | Ca | 20 | [Ar]4s^2 | Aufbau diagram | block | group aluminum | 3p 3s | p | 13 oxygen | 2p 2s | p | 16 thorium | 6d 7s | f | calcium | 4s | s | 2 | period | atomic mass | half-life aluminum | 3 | 26.9815385 u | (stable) oxygen | 2 | 15.999 u | (stable) thorium | 7 | 232.0377 u | 14.06 Gyr calcium | 4 | 40.078 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | gas | solid melting point | median | 751 °C | highest | 1750 °C (thorium) | lowest | -218.3 °C (oxygen) | distribution | boiling point | median | 2002 °C | highest | 4820 °C (thorium) | lowest | -182.9 °C (oxygen) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 9.62 kJ/mol | highest | 16 kJ/mol (thorium) | lowest | 0.222 kJ/mol (oxygen) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 224 kJ/mol | highest | 530 kJ/mol (thorium) | lowest | 3.41 kJ/mol (oxygen) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 767 J/(kg K) | highest | 919 J/(kg K) (oxygen) | lowest | 118 J/(kg K) (thorium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 2.1 g/cm^3 | highest | 11.724 g/cm^3 (thorium) | lowest | 0.001429 g/cm^3 (oxygen) molar volume | median | 22.82 cm^3/mol | highest | 11200 cm^3/mol (oxygen) | lowest | 10 cm^3/mol (aluminum) Mohs hardness | median | 2.75 | highest | 3 (≈ calcite) (thorium) | lowest | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) (calcium) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 167 MPa | 350 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 167 MPa | 245 MPa | 400 MPa bulk modulus | median | 54 GPa | highest | 76 GPa (aluminum) | lowest | 17 GPa (calcium) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 26 GPa | highest | 31 GPa (thorium) | lowest | 7.4 GPa (calcium) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 70 GPa | highest | 79 GPa (thorium) | lowest | 20 GPa (calcium) Poisson ratio | all | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.35 ultimate tensile strength | all | 219 MPa sound speed | median | 3150 m/s | highest | 5100 m/s (aluminum) | lowest | 317.5 m/s (oxygen) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 2.31×10^-5 K^(-1) (aluminum) | lowest | 1.1×10^-5 K^(-1) (thorium) thermal conductivity | median | 130 W/(m K) | highest | 235 W/(m K) (aluminum) | lowest | 0.02658 W/(m K) (oxygen) (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (thorium) | lowest | 2.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (aluminum) electrical conductivity | median | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 3.8×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (aluminum) | lowest | 6.7×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (thorium) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.12×10^-5 | highest | 8.4×10^-5 (thorium) | lowest | 1.90772×10^-6 (oxygen) mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.08×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 1.335×10^-6 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (oxygen) | lowest | 7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (thorium) molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.1×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 4.27184×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (oxygen) | lowest | 2.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (aluminum) work function | all | 2.87 eV | 3.4 eV | (4.06 to 4.26) eV

valence | median | 2.5 | highest | 4 (thorium) | lowest | 2 (oxygen and calcium) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.5 | highest | 3.44 (oxygen) | lowest | 1 (calcium) electron affinity | median | 42.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 141 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (oxygen) | lowest | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (calcium) first ionization energy | median | 588 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 1313.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (oxygen) | lowest | 577.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (aluminum)

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^2P_(1/2) | ^3F_2 | ^3P_2 atomic radius | median | 152 pm | highest | 180 pm (thorium and calcium) | lowest | 60 pm (oxygen) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 149 pm | highest | 206 pm (thorium) | lowest | 66 pm (oxygen) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 0.006 mass% | highest | 1 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 4×10^-8 mass% (thorium) solar abundance | median | 0.0065 mass% | highest | 0.9 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 3×10^-8 mass% (thorium) meteorite abundance | median | 1 mass% | highest | 40 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 3.9×10^-6 mass% (thorium) crust abundance | median | 6.6 mass% | highest | 46 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 6×10^-4 mass% (thorium) ocean abundance | median | 2.1×10^-4 mass% | highest | 86 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 4×10^-12 mass% (thorium) human abundance | median | 0.7 mass% | highest | 61 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 0 mass% (thorium) universe molar abundance | median | 2×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.08 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 2×10^-10 mol% (thorium) solar molar abundance | median | 2.5×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.07 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 2×10^-10 mol% (thorium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 0.59 mol% | highest | 48 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 3×10^-7 mol% (thorium) ocean molar abundance | median | 3.3×10^-5 mol% | highest | 33 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 1.1×10^-7 mol% (aluminum) crust molar abundance | median | 4.5 mol% | highest | 60 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 5.4×10^-5 mol% (thorium) human molar abundance | median | 0.11 mol% | highest | 24 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 0 mol% (thorium)