zinc vs lead vs indium vs gallium

zinc (chemical element) | lead (chemical element) | indium (chemical element) | gallium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration zinc | Zn | 30 | [Ar]4s^23d^10 lead | Pb | 82 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^2 indium | In | 49 | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^1 gallium | Ga | 31 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^1 | Aufbau diagram | block | group zinc | 3d 4s | d | 12 lead | 6p 5d 4f 6s | p | 14 indium | 5p 4d 5s | p | 13 gallium | 4p 3d 4s | p | 13 | period | atomic mass | half-life zinc | 4 | 65.38 u | (stable) lead | 6 | 207.2 u | (stable) indium | 5 | 114.818 u | (stable) gallium | 4 | 69.723 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 242 °C | highest | 419.53 °C (zinc) | lowest | 29.76 °C (gallium) | distribution | boiling point | median | 1910 °C | highest | 2204 °C (gallium) | lowest | 907 °C (zinc) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 5.18 kJ/mol | highest | 7.35 kJ/mol (zinc) | lowest | 3.26 kJ/mol (indium) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 204 kJ/mol | highest | 256 kJ/mol (gallium) | lowest | 119 kJ/mol (zinc) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 302 J/(kg K) | highest | 388 J/(kg K) (zinc) | lowest | 127 J/(kg K) (lead) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 7.225 g/cm^3 | highest | 11.34 g/cm^3 (lead) | lowest | 5.904 g/cm^3 (gallium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 6.795 g/cm^3 | highest | 10.66 g/cm^3 (lead) | lowest | 6.095 g/cm^3 (gallium) molar volume | median | 13.76 cm^3/mol | highest | 18.27 cm^3/mol (lead) | lowest | 9.16 cm^3/mol (zinc) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 1.5 | highest | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) (zinc) | lowest | 1.2 (between talc and gypsum) (indium) | distribution | Brinell hardness | all | 8.83 MPa | 38.3 MPa | 60 MPa | 412 MPa Young's modulus | median | 16 GPa | highest | 108 GPa (zinc) | lowest | 11 GPa (indium) Poisson ratio | all | 0.25 | 0.44 ultimate tensile strength | all | 4 MPa | 18 MPa | 37 MPa sound speed | median | 2000 m/s | highest | 3700 m/s (zinc) | lowest | 1215 m/s (indium) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 3.11×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 1.2×10^-4 K^(-1) (gallium) | lowest | 2.89×10^-5 K^(-1) (lead) thermal conductivity | median | 58 W/(m K) | highest | 120 W/(m K) (zinc) | lowest | 29 W/(m K) (gallium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 1.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 2.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (lead) | lowest | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (zinc) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 9.5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (zinc) | lowest | 4.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (lead) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.64×10^-5 | highest | -1.02×10^-5 (indium) | lowest | -1.77×10^-5 (gallium) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.86×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | -1.4×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (indium) | lowest | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (gallium) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.85×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (zinc) | lowest | -3.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (lead) | distribution | work function | all | 4.09 eV | 4.25 eV | 4.32 eV | (3.63 to 4.9) eV superconducting point | median | 2.25 K (kelvins) | highest | 7.2 K (kelvins) (lead) | lowest | 0.85 K (kelvins) (zinc) | distribution |

valence | median | 3 | highest | 4 (lead) | lowest | 2 (zinc) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.79 | highest | 2.33 (lead) | lowest | 1.65 (zinc) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 28.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 35.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lead) | lowest | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (zinc) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 647.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (zinc) | lowest | 558.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (indium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^2P_(1/2) | ^3P_0 atomic radius | median | 145 pm | highest | 180 pm (lead) | lowest | 130 pm (gallium) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 132 pm | highest | 146 pm (lead) | lowest | 122 pm (zinc and gallium) van der Waals radius | median | 190 pm | highest | 202 pm (lead) | lowest | 139 pm (zinc) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 1×10^-6 mass% | highest | 3×10^-5 mass% (zinc) | lowest | 3×10^-8 mass% (indium) solar abundance | median | 2.5×10^-6 mass% | highest | 2×10^-4 mass% (zinc) | lowest | 4×10^-7 mass% (indium) meteorite abundance | median | 4.5×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.018 mass% (zinc) | lowest | 4.4×10^-6 mass% (indium) crust abundance | median | 0.0014 mass% | highest | 0.0078 mass% (zinc) | lowest | 1.6×10^-5 mass% (indium) ocean abundance | median | 3×10^-9 mass% | highest | 5×10^-7 mass% (zinc) | lowest | 1×10^-11 mass% (indium) universe molar abundance | median | 1.3×10^-8 mol% | highest | 6×10^-7 mol% (zinc) | lowest | 3×10^-10 mol% (indium) solar molar abundance | median | 3.3×10^-8 mol% | highest | 3×10^-6 mol% (zinc) | lowest | 4×10^-9 mol% (indium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 1×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.0044 mol% (zinc) | lowest | 1×10^-6 mol% (indium) ocean molar abundance | median | 2.4×10^-8 mol% | highest | 5×10^-6 mol% (indium) | lowest | 9×10^-11 mol% (lead) crust molar abundance | median | 3.2×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.0025 mol% (zinc) | lowest | 3×10^-6 mol% (indium)