niobium

niobium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Image

atomic symbol | Nb atomic number | 41 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^14d^4 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s block | d group | 5 period | 5 atomic mass | 92.90637 u (unified atomic mass units)

phase at STP | solid melting point | 2477 °C (rank: 7th) boiling point | 4744 °C (rank: 6th) molar heat of fusion | 26.8 kJ/mol (rank: 11th) molar heat of vaporization | 690 kJ/mol (rank: 5th) specific heat at STP | 265 J/(kg K) (rank: 41st) (properties at standard conditions)

density | 8.57 g/cm^3 (rank: 38th) molar volume | 10.84 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 6 (≈ microcline) Vickers hardness | 1320 MPa (rank: 14th) Brinell hardness | 736 MPa (rank: 20th) bulk modulus | 170 GPa (rank: 14th) shear modulus | 38 GPa Young's modulus | 105 GPa (rank: 21st) Poisson ratio | 0.4 (rank: 4th) sound speed | 3480 m/s (rank: 26th) thermal expansion | 7.3×10^-6 K^(-1) (rank: 48th) thermal conductivity | 54 W/(m K) (rank: 32nd) (properties at standard conditions)

electrical type | conductor resistivity | 1.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 6.7×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.37×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 2.76×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.56×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (3.95 to 4.87) eV threshold frequency | (9.551×10^14 to 1.178×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 9.25 K (kelvins) color | (gray) (work function range from 7 different crystalline orientations)

valence | 5 electronegativity | 1.6 electron affinity | 86.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 652.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 652.1 kJ/mol | 1380 kJ/mol | 2416 kJ/mol | 3700 kJ/mol | 4877 kJ/mol | 9847 kJ/mol | 12100 kJ/mol

Reactivity

term symbol | ^6D_(1/2) atomic radius | 145 pm covalent radius | 164 pm (electronic ground state properties)

(neutral niobium atomic spectrum)

universe abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% (rank: 51st) solar abundance | 4×10^-7 mass% (rank: 44th) meteorite abundance | 1.9×10^-5 mass% (rank: 54th) crust abundance | 0.0017 mass% (rank: 34th) ocean abundance | 1×10^-10 mass% (rank: 60th) universe molar abundance | 0 mol% solar molar abundance | 5×10^-9 mol% (rank: 45th) meteorite molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% (rank: 55th) ocean molar abundance | 6.7×10^-12 mol% (rank: 71st) crust molar abundance | 3.7×10^-4 mol% (rank: 37th)

half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Nb-93 (100%) nuclear spin | Nb-81: 3/2^- | Nb-82: 0^+ | Nb-83: 5/2^+ | Nb-84: 3^+ | Nb-85: 9/2^+ | Nb-86: 6^+ | Nb-87: 1/2^- | Nb-88: 8^+ | Nb-89: 9/2^+ | Nb-90: 8^+ | Nb-91: 9/2^+ | Nb-92: 7^+ | Nb-93: 9/2^+ | Nb-94: 6^+ | Nb-95: 9/2^+ | Nb-96: 6^+ | Nb-97: 9/2^+ | Nb-98: 1^+ | Nb-99: 9/2^+ | Nb-100: 1^+ | Nb-101: 5/2^+ | Nb-102: 1^+ | Nb-103: 5/2^+ | Nb-104: 1^+ | Nb-105: 5/2^+ | Nb-106: 2^+ | Nb-107: 5/2^+ | Nb-108: 2^+ | Nb-109: 5/2^+ | Nb-110: 2^+ | Nb-111: 5/2^+ | Nb-112: 2^+ | Nb-113: 5/2^+ unstable isotopes | Nb-92 (35 Myr) | Nb-94 (20300 yr) | Nb-91 (682 yr) | Nb-95 (34.991 days) | Nb-96 (23.35 h) | Nb-90 (14.6 h) | Nb-89 (121.8 min) | Nb-97 (72.17 min) | Nb-88 (14.55 min) | Nb-87 (225 s) | Nb-86 (88 s) | Nb-85 (20.9 s) | Nb-99 (15 s) | Nb-84 (9.5 s) | Nb-101 (7.1 s) | Nb-104 (4.9 s) | Nb-83 (4.1 s) | Nb-105 (2.95 s) | Nb-98 (2.86 s) | Nb-103 (1.5 s) | Nb-100 (1.5 s) | Nb-102 (1.3 s) | Nb-106 (930 ms) | Nb-81 (800 ms) | Nb-107 (330 ms) | Nb-108 (193 ms) | Nb-109 (190 ms) | Nb-110 (170 ms) | Nb-111 (80 ms) | Nb-82 (50 ms) | Nb-113 (30 ms) | Nb-112 (150 ns) neutron cross-section | 1.15 b neutron mass absorption | 4×10^-4 m^2/kg

CAS number | 7440-03-1 PubChem CID number | 23936