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NaOH + I2 + CH3COCH3 = H2O + NaI + CHI3 + HCOONa

Input interpretation

NaOH sodium hydroxide + I_2 iodine + CH_3COCH_3 acetone ⟶ H_2O water + NaI sodium iodide + CHI_3 iodoform + HCOONa sodium formate
NaOH sodium hydroxide + I_2 iodine + CH_3COCH_3 acetone ⟶ H_2O water + NaI sodium iodide + CHI_3 iodoform + HCOONa sodium formate

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + I_2 + CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ H_2O + NaI + CHI_3 + HCOONa Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 I_2 + c_3 CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 NaI + c_6 CHI_3 + c_7 HCOONa Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O, I and C: H: | c_1 + 6 c_3 = 2 c_4 + c_6 + c_7 Na: | c_1 = c_5 + c_7 O: | c_1 + c_3 = c_4 + 2 c_7 I: | 2 c_2 = c_5 + 3 c_6 C: | 3 c_3 = c_6 + c_7 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_2 = 5 c_3 = 1 c_4 = c_1/2 + 3/2 c_5 = (3 c_1)/4 + 1/4 c_6 = 13/4 - c_1/4 c_7 = c_1/4 - 1/4 Multiply by the least common denominator, 2, to eliminate fractional coefficients: c_2 = 10 c_3 = 2 c_4 = c_1/2 + 3 c_5 = (3 c_1)/4 + 1/2 c_6 = 13/2 - c_1/4 c_7 = c_1/4 - 1/2 The resulting system of equations is still underdetermined, so an additional coefficient must be set arbitrarily. Set c_1 = 14 and solve for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 14 c_2 = 10 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 10 c_5 = 11 c_6 = 3 c_7 = 3 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 14 NaOH + 10 I_2 + 2 CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ 10 H_2O + 11 NaI + 3 CHI_3 + 3 HCOONa
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + I_2 + CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ H_2O + NaI + CHI_3 + HCOONa Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 I_2 + c_3 CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 NaI + c_6 CHI_3 + c_7 HCOONa Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O, I and C: H: | c_1 + 6 c_3 = 2 c_4 + c_6 + c_7 Na: | c_1 = c_5 + c_7 O: | c_1 + c_3 = c_4 + 2 c_7 I: | 2 c_2 = c_5 + 3 c_6 C: | 3 c_3 = c_6 + c_7 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_2 = 5 c_3 = 1 c_4 = c_1/2 + 3/2 c_5 = (3 c_1)/4 + 1/4 c_6 = 13/4 - c_1/4 c_7 = c_1/4 - 1/4 Multiply by the least common denominator, 2, to eliminate fractional coefficients: c_2 = 10 c_3 = 2 c_4 = c_1/2 + 3 c_5 = (3 c_1)/4 + 1/2 c_6 = 13/2 - c_1/4 c_7 = c_1/4 - 1/2 The resulting system of equations is still underdetermined, so an additional coefficient must be set arbitrarily. Set c_1 = 14 and solve for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 14 c_2 = 10 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 10 c_5 = 11 c_6 = 3 c_7 = 3 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 14 NaOH + 10 I_2 + 2 CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ 10 H_2O + 11 NaI + 3 CHI_3 + 3 HCOONa

Structures

+ + ⟶ + + +
+ + ⟶ + + +

Names

sodium hydroxide + iodine + acetone ⟶ water + sodium iodide + iodoform + sodium formate
sodium hydroxide + iodine + acetone ⟶ water + sodium iodide + iodoform + sodium formate

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaOH + I_2 + CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ H_2O + NaI + CHI_3 + HCOONa Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 14 NaOH + 10 I_2 + 2 CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ 10 H_2O + 11 NaI + 3 CHI_3 + 3 HCOONa Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 14 | -14 I_2 | 10 | -10 CH_3COCH_3 | 2 | -2 H_2O | 10 | 10 NaI | 11 | 11 CHI_3 | 3 | 3 HCOONa | 3 | 3 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaOH | 14 | -14 | ([NaOH])^(-14) I_2 | 10 | -10 | ([I2])^(-10) CH_3COCH_3 | 2 | -2 | ([CH3COCH3])^(-2) H_2O | 10 | 10 | ([H2O])^10 NaI | 11 | 11 | ([NaI])^11 CHI_3 | 3 | 3 | ([CHI3])^3 HCOONa | 3 | 3 | ([HCOONa])^3 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaOH])^(-14) ([I2])^(-10) ([CH3COCH3])^(-2) ([H2O])^10 ([NaI])^11 ([CHI3])^3 ([HCOONa])^3 = (([H2O])^10 ([NaI])^11 ([CHI3])^3 ([HCOONa])^3)/(([NaOH])^14 ([I2])^10 ([CH3COCH3])^2)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaOH + I_2 + CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ H_2O + NaI + CHI_3 + HCOONa Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 14 NaOH + 10 I_2 + 2 CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ 10 H_2O + 11 NaI + 3 CHI_3 + 3 HCOONa Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 14 | -14 I_2 | 10 | -10 CH_3COCH_3 | 2 | -2 H_2O | 10 | 10 NaI | 11 | 11 CHI_3 | 3 | 3 HCOONa | 3 | 3 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaOH | 14 | -14 | ([NaOH])^(-14) I_2 | 10 | -10 | ([I2])^(-10) CH_3COCH_3 | 2 | -2 | ([CH3COCH3])^(-2) H_2O | 10 | 10 | ([H2O])^10 NaI | 11 | 11 | ([NaI])^11 CHI_3 | 3 | 3 | ([CHI3])^3 HCOONa | 3 | 3 | ([HCOONa])^3 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaOH])^(-14) ([I2])^(-10) ([CH3COCH3])^(-2) ([H2O])^10 ([NaI])^11 ([CHI3])^3 ([HCOONa])^3 = (([H2O])^10 ([NaI])^11 ([CHI3])^3 ([HCOONa])^3)/(([NaOH])^14 ([I2])^10 ([CH3COCH3])^2)

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaOH + I_2 + CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ H_2O + NaI + CHI_3 + HCOONa Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 14 NaOH + 10 I_2 + 2 CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ 10 H_2O + 11 NaI + 3 CHI_3 + 3 HCOONa Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 14 | -14 I_2 | 10 | -10 CH_3COCH_3 | 2 | -2 H_2O | 10 | 10 NaI | 11 | 11 CHI_3 | 3 | 3 HCOONa | 3 | 3 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaOH | 14 | -14 | -1/14 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) I_2 | 10 | -10 | -1/10 (Δ[I2])/(Δt) CH_3COCH_3 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[CH3COCH3])/(Δt) H_2O | 10 | 10 | 1/10 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaI | 11 | 11 | 1/11 (Δ[NaI])/(Δt) CHI_3 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[CHI3])/(Δt) HCOONa | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[HCOONa])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/14 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -1/10 (Δ[I2])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[CH3COCH3])/(Δt) = 1/10 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/11 (Δ[NaI])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[CHI3])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[HCOONa])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaOH + I_2 + CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ H_2O + NaI + CHI_3 + HCOONa Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 14 NaOH + 10 I_2 + 2 CH_3COCH_3 ⟶ 10 H_2O + 11 NaI + 3 CHI_3 + 3 HCOONa Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 14 | -14 I_2 | 10 | -10 CH_3COCH_3 | 2 | -2 H_2O | 10 | 10 NaI | 11 | 11 CHI_3 | 3 | 3 HCOONa | 3 | 3 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaOH | 14 | -14 | -1/14 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) I_2 | 10 | -10 | -1/10 (Δ[I2])/(Δt) CH_3COCH_3 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[CH3COCH3])/(Δt) H_2O | 10 | 10 | 1/10 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaI | 11 | 11 | 1/11 (Δ[NaI])/(Δt) CHI_3 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[CHI3])/(Δt) HCOONa | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[HCOONa])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/14 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -1/10 (Δ[I2])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[CH3COCH3])/(Δt) = 1/10 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/11 (Δ[NaI])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[CHI3])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[HCOONa])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| sodium hydroxide | iodine | acetone | water | sodium iodide | iodoform | sodium formate formula | NaOH | I_2 | CH_3COCH_3 | H_2O | NaI | CHI_3 | HCOONa Hill formula | HNaO | I_2 | C_3H_6O | H_2O | INa | CHI_3 | CHNaO_2 name | sodium hydroxide | iodine | acetone | water | sodium iodide | iodoform | sodium formate IUPAC name | sodium hydroxide | molecular iodine | acetone | water | sodium iodide | iodoform | sodium oxomethanolate
| sodium hydroxide | iodine | acetone | water | sodium iodide | iodoform | sodium formate formula | NaOH | I_2 | CH_3COCH_3 | H_2O | NaI | CHI_3 | HCOONa Hill formula | HNaO | I_2 | C_3H_6O | H_2O | INa | CHI_3 | CHNaO_2 name | sodium hydroxide | iodine | acetone | water | sodium iodide | iodoform | sodium formate IUPAC name | sodium hydroxide | molecular iodine | acetone | water | sodium iodide | iodoform | sodium oxomethanolate

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