sulfur vs silicon vs phosphorus vs rubidium

sulfur (chemical element) | silicon (chemical element) | phosphorus (chemical element) | rubidium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration sulfur | S | 16 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 silicon | Si | 14 | [Ne]3s^23p^2 phosphorus | P | 15 | [Ne]3s^23p^3 rubidium | Rb | 37 | [Kr]5s^1 | Aufbau diagram | block | group sulfur | 3p 3s | p | 16 silicon | 3p 3s | p | 14 phosphorus | 3p 3s | p | 15 rubidium | 5s | s | 1 | period | atomic mass | half-life sulfur | 3 | 32.06 u | (stable) silicon | 3 | 28.085 u | (stable) phosphorus | 3 | 30.973761998 u | (stable) rubidium | 5 | 85.4678 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 79.7 °C | highest | 1414 °C (silicon) | lowest | 39.31 °C (rubidium) boiling point | median | 566 °C | highest | 2900 °C (silicon) | lowest | 280.5 °C (phosphorus) molar heat of fusion | median | 1.96 kJ/mol | highest | 50.2 kJ/mol (silicon) | lowest | 0.64 kJ/mol (phosphorus) molar heat of vaporization | median | 42 kJ/mol | highest | 359 kJ/mol (silicon) | lowest | 9.8 kJ/mol (sulfur) specific heat at STP | median | 707 J/(kg K) | highest | 769.7 J/(kg K) (phosphorus) | lowest | 364 J/(kg K) (rubidium) (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 1.891 g/cm^3 | highest | 2.33 g/cm^3 (silicon) | lowest | 1.532 g/cm^3 (rubidium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 1.819 g/cm^3 | highest | 2.57 g/cm^3 (silicon) | lowest | 1.46 g/cm^3 (rubidium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 16.67 cm^3/mol | highest | 55.79 cm^3/mol (rubidium) | lowest | 12.05 cm^3/mol (silicon) Mohs hardness | median | 2 | highest | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) (silicon) | lowest | 0.3 (between talc and gypsum) (rubidium) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 9630 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 0.216 MPa bulk modulus | median | 9.4 GPa | highest | 100 GPa (silicon) | lowest | 2.5 GPa (rubidium) thermal conductivity | median | 29 W/(m K) | highest | 150 W/(m K) (silicon) | lowest | 0.205 W/(m K) (sulfur) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 5×10^-4 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) (sulfur) | lowest | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (phosphorus) electrical conductivity | median | 4.2×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (phosphorus) | lowest | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) (sulfur) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | -7.97×10^-6 | highest | 3.98×10^-6 (rubidium) | lowest | -2.06×10^-5 (phosphorus) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | -3.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 2.6×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (rubidium) | lowest | -1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (phosphorus) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.22×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 2.22×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (rubidium) | lowest | -3.5×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (phosphorus) | distribution | work function | all | 2.26 eV | (4.6 to 4.91) eV

valence | median | 4.5 | highest | 6 (sulfur) | lowest | 1 (rubidium) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 2.04 | highest | 2.58 (sulfur) | lowest | 0.82 (rubidium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 103 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (sulfur) | lowest | 46.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (rubidium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 893.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 1011.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (phosphorus) | lowest | 403 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (rubidium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3P_0 | ^3P_2 | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | median | 105 pm | highest | 235 pm (rubidium) | lowest | 100 pm (sulfur and phosphorus) covalent radius | median | 109 pm | highest | 220 pm (rubidium) | lowest | 105 pm (sulfur) van der Waals radius | median | 180 pm | highest | 210 pm (silicon) | lowest | 180 pm (sulfur and phosphorus) (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 0.025 mass% | highest | 0.07 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 1×10^-6 mass% (rubidium) solar abundance | median | 0.02 mass% | highest | 0.09 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 3×10^-6 mass% (rubidium) | distribution | meteorite abundance | median | 2.1 mass% | highest | 14 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 3.2×10^-4 mass% (rubidium) crust abundance | median | 0.071 mass% | highest | 27 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 0.006 mass% (rubidium) ocean abundance | median | 5.6×10^-5 mass% | highest | 0.093 mass% (sulfur) | lowest | 7×10^-6 mass% (phosphorus) human abundance | median | 0.11 mass% | highest | 1.1 mass% (phosphorus) | lowest | 4.6×10^-4 mass% (rubidium) universe molar abundance | median | 0.001 mol% | highest | 0.003 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 1×10^-8 mol% (rubidium) | distribution | solar molar abundance | median | 5.1×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.004 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 4×10^-8 mol% (rubidium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 1.1 mol% | highest | 10 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 7.8×10^-5 mol% (rubidium) ocean molar abundance | median | 1.2×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.018 mol% (sulfur) | lowest | 8.7×10^-7 mol% (rubidium) crust molar abundance | median | 0.048 mol% | highest | 20 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 0.0014 mol% (rubidium) human molar abundance | median | 0.022 mol% | highest | 0.22 mol% (phosphorus) | lowest | 3.4×10^-5 mol% (rubidium)