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AlCl3 + NaHCO3 = CO2 + NaCl + Al(OH)3

Input interpretation

AlCl_3 aluminum chloride + NaHCO_3 sodium bicarbonate ⟶ CO_2 carbon dioxide + NaCl sodium chloride + Al(OH)_3 aluminum hydroxide
AlCl_3 aluminum chloride + NaHCO_3 sodium bicarbonate ⟶ CO_2 carbon dioxide + NaCl sodium chloride + Al(OH)_3 aluminum hydroxide

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: AlCl_3 + NaHCO_3 ⟶ CO_2 + NaCl + Al(OH)_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 AlCl_3 + c_2 NaHCO_3 ⟶ c_3 CO_2 + c_4 NaCl + c_5 Al(OH)_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Al, Cl, C, H, Na and O: Al: | c_1 = c_5 Cl: | 3 c_1 = c_4 C: | c_2 = c_3 H: | c_2 = 3 c_5 Na: | c_2 = c_4 O: | 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 + 3 c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 3 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 3 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | AlCl_3 + 3 NaHCO_3 ⟶ 3 CO_2 + 3 NaCl + Al(OH)_3
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: AlCl_3 + NaHCO_3 ⟶ CO_2 + NaCl + Al(OH)_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 AlCl_3 + c_2 NaHCO_3 ⟶ c_3 CO_2 + c_4 NaCl + c_5 Al(OH)_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Al, Cl, C, H, Na and O: Al: | c_1 = c_5 Cl: | 3 c_1 = c_4 C: | c_2 = c_3 H: | c_2 = 3 c_5 Na: | c_2 = c_4 O: | 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 + 3 c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 3 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 3 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | AlCl_3 + 3 NaHCO_3 ⟶ 3 CO_2 + 3 NaCl + Al(OH)_3

Structures

+ ⟶ + +
+ ⟶ + +

Names

aluminum chloride + sodium bicarbonate ⟶ carbon dioxide + sodium chloride + aluminum hydroxide
aluminum chloride + sodium bicarbonate ⟶ carbon dioxide + sodium chloride + aluminum hydroxide

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: AlCl_3 + NaHCO_3 ⟶ CO_2 + NaCl + Al(OH)_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: AlCl_3 + 3 NaHCO_3 ⟶ 3 CO_2 + 3 NaCl + Al(OH)_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i AlCl_3 | 1 | -1 NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 NaCl | 3 | 3 Al(OH)_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression AlCl_3 | 1 | -1 | ([AlCl3])^(-1) NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 | ([NaHCO3])^(-3) CO_2 | 3 | 3 | ([CO2])^3 NaCl | 3 | 3 | ([NaCl])^3 Al(OH)_3 | 1 | 1 | [Al(OH)3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([AlCl3])^(-1) ([NaHCO3])^(-3) ([CO2])^3 ([NaCl])^3 [Al(OH)3] = (([CO2])^3 ([NaCl])^3 [Al(OH)3])/([AlCl3] ([NaHCO3])^3)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: AlCl_3 + NaHCO_3 ⟶ CO_2 + NaCl + Al(OH)_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: AlCl_3 + 3 NaHCO_3 ⟶ 3 CO_2 + 3 NaCl + Al(OH)_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i AlCl_3 | 1 | -1 NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 NaCl | 3 | 3 Al(OH)_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression AlCl_3 | 1 | -1 | ([AlCl3])^(-1) NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 | ([NaHCO3])^(-3) CO_2 | 3 | 3 | ([CO2])^3 NaCl | 3 | 3 | ([NaCl])^3 Al(OH)_3 | 1 | 1 | [Al(OH)3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([AlCl3])^(-1) ([NaHCO3])^(-3) ([CO2])^3 ([NaCl])^3 [Al(OH)3] = (([CO2])^3 ([NaCl])^3 [Al(OH)3])/([AlCl3] ([NaHCO3])^3)

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: AlCl_3 + NaHCO_3 ⟶ CO_2 + NaCl + Al(OH)_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: AlCl_3 + 3 NaHCO_3 ⟶ 3 CO_2 + 3 NaCl + Al(OH)_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i AlCl_3 | 1 | -1 NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 NaCl | 3 | 3 Al(OH)_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term AlCl_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[AlCl3])/(Δt) NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[NaHCO3])/(Δt) CO_2 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) NaCl | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Al(OH)_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Al(OH)3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[AlCl3])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[NaHCO3])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[Al(OH)3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: AlCl_3 + NaHCO_3 ⟶ CO_2 + NaCl + Al(OH)_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: AlCl_3 + 3 NaHCO_3 ⟶ 3 CO_2 + 3 NaCl + Al(OH)_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i AlCl_3 | 1 | -1 NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 CO_2 | 3 | 3 NaCl | 3 | 3 Al(OH)_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term AlCl_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[AlCl3])/(Δt) NaHCO_3 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[NaHCO3])/(Δt) CO_2 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) NaCl | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Al(OH)_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Al(OH)3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[AlCl3])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[NaHCO3])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[Al(OH)3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| aluminum chloride | sodium bicarbonate | carbon dioxide | sodium chloride | aluminum hydroxide formula | AlCl_3 | NaHCO_3 | CO_2 | NaCl | Al(OH)_3 Hill formula | AlCl_3 | CHNaO_3 | CO_2 | ClNa | AlH_3O_3 name | aluminum chloride | sodium bicarbonate | carbon dioxide | sodium chloride | aluminum hydroxide IUPAC name | trichloroalumane | sodium hydrogen carbonate | carbon dioxide | sodium chloride | aluminum hydroxide
| aluminum chloride | sodium bicarbonate | carbon dioxide | sodium chloride | aluminum hydroxide formula | AlCl_3 | NaHCO_3 | CO_2 | NaCl | Al(OH)_3 Hill formula | AlCl_3 | CHNaO_3 | CO_2 | ClNa | AlH_3O_3 name | aluminum chloride | sodium bicarbonate | carbon dioxide | sodium chloride | aluminum hydroxide IUPAC name | trichloroalumane | sodium hydrogen carbonate | carbon dioxide | sodium chloride | aluminum hydroxide

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