H2O + Na = H2 + NaO

H_2O water + Na sodium ⟶ H_2 hydrogen + NaO

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + Na ⟶ H_2 + NaO Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 Na ⟶ c_3 H_2 + c_4 NaO Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O and Na: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | c_1 = c_4 Na: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + Na ⟶ H_2 + NaO

+ ⟶ + NaO

water + sodium ⟶ hydrogen + NaO

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + Na ⟶ H_2 + NaO Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Na ⟶ H_2 + NaO Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Na | 1 | -1 H_2 | 1 | 1 NaO | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) Na | 1 | -1 | ([Na])^(-1) H_2 | 1 | 1 | [H2] NaO | 1 | 1 | [NaO] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([Na])^(-1) [H2] [NaO] = ([H2] [NaO])/([H2O] [Na])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + Na ⟶ H_2 + NaO Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Na ⟶ H_2 + NaO Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Na | 1 | -1 H_2 | 1 | 1 NaO | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Na | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na])/(Δt) H_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2])/(Δt) NaO | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NaO])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Na])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaO])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| water | sodium | hydrogen | NaO formula | H_2O | Na | H_2 | NaO name | water | sodium | hydrogen | IUPAC name | water | sodium | molecular hydrogen |

| water | sodium | hydrogen | NaO molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 22.98976928 g/mol | 2.016 g/mol | 38.989 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | melting point | 0 °C | 97.8 °C | -259.2 °C | boiling point | 99.9839 °C | 883 °C | -252.8 °C | density | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | solubility in water | | decomposes | | surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.413×10^-5 Pa s (at 527 °C) | 8.9×10^-6 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless |