insulators

insulators

boron | bromine | chlorine | iodine | sulfur

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration boron | B | 5 | [He]2s^22p^1 bromine | Br | 35 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 chlorine | Cl | 17 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 iodine | I | 53 | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^5 sulfur | S | 16 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | Aufbau diagram | block | group boron | 2p 2s | p | 13 bromine | 4p 3d 4s | p | 17 chlorine | 3p 3s | p | 17 iodine | 5p 4d 5s | p | 17 sulfur | 3p 3s | p | 16 | period | atomic mass | half-life boron | 2 | 10.81 u | (stable) bromine | 4 | 79.904 u | (stable) chlorine | 3 | 35.45 u | (stable) iodine | 5 | 126.90447 u | (stable) sulfur | 3 | 32.06 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | gas | liquid | solid melting point | median | 113.7 °C | highest | 2075 °C (boron) | lowest | -101.5 °C (chlorine) | distribution | boiling point | median | 184.3 °C | highest | 4000 °C (boron) | lowest | -34.04 °C (chlorine) | distribution | critical temperature | median | 704 K | highest | 1314 K (sulfur) | lowest | 416.9 K (chlorine) | distribution | critical pressure | median | 11 MPa | highest | 20.7 MPa (sulfur) | lowest | 7.991 MPa (chlorine) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 5.8 kJ/mol | highest | 50 kJ/mol (boron) | lowest | 1.73 kJ/mol (sulfur) molar heat of vaporization | median | 14.8 kJ/mol | highest | 507 kJ/mol (boron) | lowest | 9.8 kJ/mol (sulfur) specific heat at STP | median | 705 J/(kg K) | highest | 1030 J/(kg K) (boron) | lowest | 429 J/(kg K) (iodine) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 2.46 g/cm^3 | highest | 4.94 g/cm^3 (iodine) | lowest | 0.003214 g/cm^3 (chlorine) | distribution | liquid density | median | 2.08 g/cm^3 | highest | 3.12 g/cm^3 (bromine) | lowest | 1.819 g/cm^3 (sulfur) | distribution | molar volume | median | 25.61 cm^3/mol | highest | 11030 cm^3/mol (chlorine) | lowest | 4.394 cm^3/mol (boron) Vickers hardness | all | 49000 MPa bulk modulus | median | 7.7 GPa | highest | 320 GPa (boron) | lowest | 1.1 GPa (chlorine) ultimate tensile strength | all | 2 MPa refractive index | median | 1.001111 | highest | 1.001132 (bromine) | lowest | 1.000773 (chlorine) thermal conductivity | median | 0.205 W/(m K) | highest | 27 W/(m K) (boron) | lowest | 0.0089 W/(m K) (chlorine) (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 1×10^7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) (sulfur) | lowest | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) (chlorine) electrical conductivity | median | 1×10^-7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) (chlorine) | lowest | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) (sulfur) volume magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.53×10^-5 | highest | -2.31×10^-8 (chlorine) | lowest | -2.22×10^-5 (iodine) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | -4.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (iodine) | lowest | -8.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (boron) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | -9.41×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (boron) | lowest | -1.14×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (iodine) | distribution | work function | all | 4.45 eV

valence | median | 5 | highest | 7 (iodine) | lowest | 3 (boron) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 2.66 | highest | 3.16 (chlorine) | lowest | 2.04 (boron) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 295.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (chlorine) | lowest | 26.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (boron) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 1008.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (chlorine) | lowest | 800.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (boron) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^2P_(1/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_2 atomic radius | median | 100 pm | highest | 140 pm (iodine) | lowest | 85 pm (boron) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 105 pm | highest | 139 pm (iodine) | lowest | 84 pm (boron) | distribution | van der Waals radius | median | 183 pm | highest | 198 pm (iodine) | lowest | 175 pm (chlorine) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)