Input interpretation
organic solvents | element types
Summary
carbon | chlorine | hydrogen | nitrogen | oxygen | phosphorus | sulfur
Periodic table location
Periodic table location
Images
Images
Basic elemental properties
atomic symbol | all | C | Cl | H | N | O | P | S atomic number | median | 8 | highest | 17 (chlorine) | lowest | 1 (hydrogen) | distribution | block | all | p | s group | all | 1 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 period | all | 1 | 2 | 3 atomic mass | median | 15.999 u | highest | 35.45 u (chlorine) | lowest | 1.008 u (hydrogen) | distribution |
Table
acetic acid | carbon | hydrogen | oxygen acetone | carbon | hydrogen | oxygen acetonitrile | carbon | hydrogen | nitrogen benzene | carbon | hydrogen carbon tetrachloride | carbon | chlorine chlorobenzene | carbon | chlorine | hydrogen chloroform | carbon | chlorine | hydrogen cyclohexane | carbon | hydrogen ethylene dichloride | carbon | chlorine | hydrogen ethanol | carbon | hydrogen | oxygen ethylene glycol | carbon | hydrogen | oxygen N-heptane | carbon | hydrogen hexamethylphosphoric triamide | carbon | hydrogen | nitrogen | oxygen | phosphorus N-hexane | carbon | hydrogen methanol | carbon | hydrogen | oxygen nitromethane | carbon | hydrogen | nitrogen | oxygen N-pentane | carbon | hydrogen pyridine | carbon | hydrogen | nitrogen tetrahydrofuran | carbon | hydrogen | oxygen dimethyl sulfoxide | carbon | hydrogen | oxygen | sulfur
Thermodynamic properties
phase at STP | all | gas | solid melting point | median | -101.5 °C | highest | 3550 °C (carbon) | lowest | -259.14 °C (hydrogen) | distribution | boiling point | median | -34.04 °C | highest | 4027 °C (carbon) | lowest | -252.87 °C (hydrogen) | distribution | critical temperature | median | 154.59 K | highest | 1314 K (sulfur) | lowest | 32.97 K (hydrogen) critical pressure | median | 5.043 MPa | highest | 20.7 MPa (sulfur) | lowest | 1.293 MPa (hydrogen) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 0.64 kJ/mol | highest | 105 kJ/mol (carbon) | lowest | 0.222 kJ/mol (oxygen) molar heat of vaporization | median | 9.8 kJ/mol | highest | 715 kJ/mol (carbon) | lowest | 0.452 kJ/mol (hydrogen) specific heat at STP | median | 769.7 J/(kg K) | highest | 14300 J/(kg K) (hydrogen) | lowest | 478.2 J/(kg K) (chlorine) adiabatic index | all | 7/5 (properties at standard conditions)
Material properties
density | median | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | highest | 2.26 g/cm^3 (carbon) | lowest | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 (hydrogen) | distribution | molar volume | median | 11030 cm^3/mol | highest | 11200 cm^3/mol (hydrogen) | lowest | 5.315 cm^3/mol (carbon) bulk modulus | median | 9.4 GPa | highest | 33 GPa (carbon) | lowest | 1.1 GPa (chlorine) | distribution | refractive index | median | 1.000773 | highest | 2.417 (carbon) | lowest | 1.000132 (hydrogen) sound speed | median | 333.6 m/s | highest | 18350 m/s (carbon) | lowest | 206 m/s (chlorine) thermal conductivity | median | 0.1805 W/(m K) | highest | 140 W/(m K) (carbon) | lowest | 0.0089 W/(m K) (chlorine) (properties at standard conditions)
Electromagnetic properties
resistivity | median | 50 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) (sulfur) | lowest | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (phosphorus) electrical conductivity | median | 50000 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (phosphorus) | lowest | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) (sulfur) volume magnetic susceptibility | median | -2.31×10^-8 | highest | 1.90772×10^-6 (oxygen) | lowest | -2.06×10^-5 (phosphorus) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 1.335×10^-6 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (oxygen) | lowest | -2.48×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (hydrogen) molar magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.5×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 4.27184×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (oxygen) | lowest | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (chlorine) work function | all | 5 eV
Reactivity
valence | median | 4 | highest | 6 (sulfur) | lowest | 1 (hydrogen) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 2.58 | highest | 3.44 (oxygen) | lowest | 2.19 (phosphorus) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 141 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (chlorine) | lowest | 7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (nitrogen) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 1402.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (nitrogen) | lowest | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (sulfur) | distribution |
Atomic properties
term symbol | all | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3P_0 | ^3P_2 | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | median | 70 pm | highest | 100 pm (3 elements) | lowest | 25 pm (hydrogen) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 76 pm | highest | 107 pm (phosphorus) | lowest | 31 pm (hydrogen) | distribution | van der Waals radius | median | 170 pm | highest | 180 pm (phosphorus and sulfur) | lowest | 120 pm (hydrogen) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)
Abundances
universe abundance | median | 0.1 mass% | highest | 75 mass% (hydrogen) | lowest | 1×10^-4 mass% (chlorine) solar abundance | median | 0.1 mass% | highest | 75 mass% (hydrogen) | lowest | 7×10^-4 mass% (phosphorus) meteorite abundance | median | 1.5 mass% | highest | 40 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 0.037 mass% (chlorine) crust abundance | median | 0.099 mass% | highest | 46 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 0.002 mass% (nitrogen) ocean abundance | median | 0.093 mass% | highest | 86 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 7×10^-6 mass% (phosphorus) human abundance | median | 2.6 mass% | highest | 61 mass% (oxygen) | lowest | 0.12 mass% (chlorine) | distribution | universe molar abundance | median | 0.009 mol% | highest | 93 mol% (hydrogen) | lowest | 4×10^-6 mol% (chlorine) solar molar abundance | median | 0.009 mol% | highest | 93 mol% (hydrogen) | lowest | 3×10^-5 mol% (chlorine and phosphorus) meteorite molar abundance | median | 1.8 mol% | highest | 48 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 0.016 mol% (chlorine) | distribution | ocean molar abundance | median | 0.018 mol% | highest | 66 mol% (hydrogen) | lowest | 1.4×10^-6 mol% (phosphorus) | distribution | crust molar abundance | median | 0.07 mol% | highest | 60 mol% (oxygen) | lowest | 0.0029 mol% (nitrogen) human molar abundance | median | 1.2 mol% | highest | 62 mol% (hydrogen) | lowest | 0.021 mol% (chlorine) | distribution |