Na + H2SO3 = H2 + Na2SO3

Na sodium + H_2SO_3 sulfurous acid ⟶ H_2 hydrogen + Na_2SO_3 sodium sulfite

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Na + H_2SO_3 ⟶ H_2 + Na_2SO_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Na + c_2 H_2SO_3 ⟶ c_3 H_2 + c_4 Na_2SO_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Na, H, O and S: Na: | c_1 = 2 c_4 H: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 O: | 3 c_2 = 3 c_4 S: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 Na + H_2SO_3 ⟶ H_2 + Na_2SO_3

+ ⟶ +

sodium + sulfurous acid ⟶ hydrogen + sodium sulfite

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Na + H_2SO_3 ⟶ H_2 + Na_2SO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 Na + H_2SO_3 ⟶ H_2 + Na_2SO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Na | 2 | -2 H_2SO_3 | 1 | -1 H_2 | 1 | 1 Na_2SO_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Na | 2 | -2 | ([Na])^(-2) H_2SO_3 | 1 | -1 | ([H2SO3])^(-1) H_2 | 1 | 1 | [H2] Na_2SO_3 | 1 | 1 | [Na2SO3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Na])^(-2) ([H2SO3])^(-1) [H2] [Na2SO3] = ([H2] [Na2SO3])/(([Na])^2 [H2SO3])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Na + H_2SO_3 ⟶ H_2 + Na_2SO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 Na + H_2SO_3 ⟶ H_2 + Na_2SO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Na | 2 | -2 H_2SO_3 | 1 | -1 H_2 | 1 | 1 Na_2SO_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Na | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Na])/(Δt) H_2SO_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2SO3])/(Δt) H_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2])/(Δt) Na_2SO_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2SO3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[Na])/(Δt) = -(Δ[H2SO3])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2SO3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| sodium | sulfurous acid | hydrogen | sodium sulfite formula | Na | H_2SO_3 | H_2 | Na_2SO_3 Hill formula | Na | H_2O_3S | H_2 | Na_2O_3S name | sodium | sulfurous acid | hydrogen | sodium sulfite IUPAC name | sodium | sulfurous acid | molecular hydrogen | disodium sulfite

| sodium | sulfurous acid | hydrogen | sodium sulfite molar mass | 22.98976928 g/mol | 82.07 g/mol | 2.016 g/mol | 126.04 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 97.8 °C | | -259.2 °C | 500 °C boiling point | 883 °C | | -252.8 °C | density | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 1.03 g/cm^3 | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 2.63 g/cm^3 solubility in water | decomposes | very soluble | | dynamic viscosity | 1.413×10^-5 Pa s (at 527 °C) | | 8.9×10^-6 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | | | odorless |