chlorine vs sulfur vs vanadium

chlorine (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | vanadium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| chlorine | sulfur | vanadium atomic symbol | Cl | S | V atomic number | 17 | 16 | 23 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Ar]4s^23d^3 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 3p 3s | 3d 4s block | p | p | d group | 17 | 16 | 5 period | 3 | 3 | 4 atomic mass | 35.45 u | 32.06 u | 50.9415 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| chlorine | sulfur | vanadium phase at STP | gas | solid | solid melting point | -101.5 °C | 115.21 °C | 1910 °C boiling point | -34.04 °C | 444.72 °C | 3407 °C critical temperature | 416.9 K | 1314 K | critical pressure | 7.991 MPa | 20.7 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 3.2 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol | 22.8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 10.2 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol | 453 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) | 489 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | 7/5 | | (properties at standard conditions)

| chlorine | sulfur | vanadium density | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 6.11 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 1.819 g/cm^3 | 5.5 g/cm^3 molar volume | 11030 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 8.337 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 2 (≈ gypsum) | 7 (≈ quartz) Vickers hardness | | | 628 MPa Brinell hardness | | | 628 MPa bulk modulus | 1.1 GPa | 7.7 GPa | 160 GPa shear modulus | | | 47 GPa Young's modulus | | | 128 GPa Poisson ratio | | | 0.37 refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001111 | sound speed | 206 m/s | | 4560 m/s thermal expansion | | | 8.4×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) | 31 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| chlorine | sulfur | vanadium electrical type | insulator | insulator | conductor resistivity | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.22×10^-5 | 3.837×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 6.28×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.199×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | | 4.3 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | | 1.04×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 5.4 K (kelvins) color | (yellow) | (yellow) | (silver) refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001111 |

| chlorine | sulfur | vanadium valence | 5 | 6 | 5 electronegativity | 3.16 | 2.58 | 1.63 electron affinity | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 650.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 650.9 kJ/mol | 1414 kJ/mol | 2830 kJ/mol | 4507 kJ/mol | 6298.7 kJ/mol | 12363 kJ/mol | 14530 kJ/mol | 16730 kJ/mol | 19860 kJ/mol | 22240 kJ/mol | 24670 kJ/mol | 29730 kJ/mol | 32446 kJ/mol | 86450 kJ/mol | 94170 kJ/mol | 102300 kJ/mol | 112700 kJ/mol | 121600 kJ/mol | 130700 kJ/mol | 143400 kJ/mol | 151440 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| chlorine | sulfur | vanadium term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_2 | ^4F_(3/2) atomic radius | 100 pm | 100 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 102 pm | 105 pm | 153 pm van der Waals radius | 175 pm | 180 pm | (electronic ground state properties)

| chlorine | sulfur | vanadium universe abundance | 1×10^-4 mass% | 0.05 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | 8×10^-4 mass% | 0.04 mass% | 4×10^-5 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.037 mass% | 4 mass% | 0.0061 mass% crust abundance | 0.017 mass% | 0.042 mass% | 0.019 mass% ocean abundance | 2 mass% | 0.093 mass% | 1.5×10^-7 mass% human abundance | 0.12 mass% | 0.2 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% universe molar abundance | 4×10^-6 mol% | 0.002 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 9×10^-7 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.016 mol% | 2.2 mol% | 0.0023 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.35 mol% | 0.018 mol% | 1.8×10^-8 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0099 mol% | 0.027 mol% | 0.0075 mol% human molar abundance | 0.021 mol% | 0.039 mol% | 4×10^-7 mol%