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H3PO4 + CuCl2 = HCl + Cu3(PO4)2

Input interpretation

H_3PO_4 phosphoric acid + CuCl_2 copper(II) chloride ⟶ HCl hydrogen chloride + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 copper(II) phosphate
H_3PO_4 phosphoric acid + CuCl_2 copper(II) chloride ⟶ HCl hydrogen chloride + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 copper(II) phosphate

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_3PO_4 + CuCl_2 ⟶ HCl + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_3PO_4 + c_2 CuCl_2 ⟶ c_3 HCl + c_4 Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, P, Cl and Cu: H: | 3 c_1 = c_3 O: | 4 c_1 = 8 c_4 P: | c_1 = 2 c_4 Cl: | 2 c_2 = c_3 Cu: | c_2 = 3 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_4 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 3 c_3 = 6 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 H_3PO_4 + 3 CuCl_2 ⟶ 6 HCl + Cu_3(PO_4)_2
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_3PO_4 + CuCl_2 ⟶ HCl + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_3PO_4 + c_2 CuCl_2 ⟶ c_3 HCl + c_4 Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, P, Cl and Cu: H: | 3 c_1 = c_3 O: | 4 c_1 = 8 c_4 P: | c_1 = 2 c_4 Cl: | 2 c_2 = c_3 Cu: | c_2 = 3 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_4 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 3 c_3 = 6 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 H_3PO_4 + 3 CuCl_2 ⟶ 6 HCl + Cu_3(PO_4)_2

Structures

+ ⟶ +
+ ⟶ +

Names

phosphoric acid + copper(II) chloride ⟶ hydrogen chloride + copper(II) phosphate
phosphoric acid + copper(II) chloride ⟶ hydrogen chloride + copper(II) phosphate

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_3PO_4 + CuCl_2 ⟶ HCl + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 H_3PO_4 + 3 CuCl_2 ⟶ 6 HCl + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_3PO_4 | 2 | -2 CuCl_2 | 3 | -3 HCl | 6 | 6 Cu_3(PO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_3PO_4 | 2 | -2 | ([H3PO4])^(-2) CuCl_2 | 3 | -3 | ([CuCl2])^(-3) HCl | 6 | 6 | ([HCl])^6 Cu_3(PO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 | [Cu3(PO4)2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H3PO4])^(-2) ([CuCl2])^(-3) ([HCl])^6 [Cu3(PO4)2] = (([HCl])^6 [Cu3(PO4)2])/(([H3PO4])^2 ([CuCl2])^3)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_3PO_4 + CuCl_2 ⟶ HCl + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 H_3PO_4 + 3 CuCl_2 ⟶ 6 HCl + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_3PO_4 | 2 | -2 CuCl_2 | 3 | -3 HCl | 6 | 6 Cu_3(PO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_3PO_4 | 2 | -2 | ([H3PO4])^(-2) CuCl_2 | 3 | -3 | ([CuCl2])^(-3) HCl | 6 | 6 | ([HCl])^6 Cu_3(PO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 | [Cu3(PO4)2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H3PO4])^(-2) ([CuCl2])^(-3) ([HCl])^6 [Cu3(PO4)2] = (([HCl])^6 [Cu3(PO4)2])/(([H3PO4])^2 ([CuCl2])^3)

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_3PO_4 + CuCl_2 ⟶ HCl + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 H_3PO_4 + 3 CuCl_2 ⟶ 6 HCl + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_3PO_4 | 2 | -2 CuCl_2 | 3 | -3 HCl | 6 | 6 Cu_3(PO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_3PO_4 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[H3PO4])/(Δt) CuCl_2 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[CuCl2])/(Δt) HCl | 6 | 6 | 1/6 (Δ[HCl])/(Δt) Cu_3(PO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Cu3(PO4)2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[H3PO4])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[CuCl2])/(Δt) = 1/6 (Δ[HCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[Cu3(PO4)2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_3PO_4 + CuCl_2 ⟶ HCl + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 H_3PO_4 + 3 CuCl_2 ⟶ 6 HCl + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_3PO_4 | 2 | -2 CuCl_2 | 3 | -3 HCl | 6 | 6 Cu_3(PO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_3PO_4 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[H3PO4])/(Δt) CuCl_2 | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[CuCl2])/(Δt) HCl | 6 | 6 | 1/6 (Δ[HCl])/(Δt) Cu_3(PO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Cu3(PO4)2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[H3PO4])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[CuCl2])/(Δt) = 1/6 (Δ[HCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[Cu3(PO4)2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| phosphoric acid | copper(II) chloride | hydrogen chloride | copper(II) phosphate formula | H_3PO_4 | CuCl_2 | HCl | Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Hill formula | H_3O_4P | Cl_2Cu | ClH | Cu_3O_8P_2 name | phosphoric acid | copper(II) chloride | hydrogen chloride | copper(II) phosphate IUPAC name | phosphoric acid | dichlorocopper | hydrogen chloride | tricopper diphosphate
| phosphoric acid | copper(II) chloride | hydrogen chloride | copper(II) phosphate formula | H_3PO_4 | CuCl_2 | HCl | Cu_3(PO_4)_2 Hill formula | H_3O_4P | Cl_2Cu | ClH | Cu_3O_8P_2 name | phosphoric acid | copper(II) chloride | hydrogen chloride | copper(II) phosphate IUPAC name | phosphoric acid | dichlorocopper | hydrogen chloride | tricopper diphosphate

Substance properties

| phosphoric acid | copper(II) chloride | hydrogen chloride | copper(II) phosphate molar mass | 97.994 g/mol | 134.4 g/mol | 36.46 g/mol | 380.58 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | melting point | 42.4 °C | 620 °C | -114.17 °C | boiling point | 158 °C | | -85 °C | density | 1.685 g/cm^3 | 3.386 g/cm^3 | 0.00149 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | solubility in water | very soluble | | miscible | insoluble odor | odorless | | |
| phosphoric acid | copper(II) chloride | hydrogen chloride | copper(II) phosphate molar mass | 97.994 g/mol | 134.4 g/mol | 36.46 g/mol | 380.58 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | melting point | 42.4 °C | 620 °C | -114.17 °C | boiling point | 158 °C | | -85 °C | density | 1.685 g/cm^3 | 3.386 g/cm^3 | 0.00149 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | solubility in water | very soluble | | miscible | insoluble odor | odorless | | |

Units

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