calcium vs magnesium vs thulium

calcium (chemical element) | magnesium (chemical element) | thulium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| calcium | magnesium | thulium atomic symbol | Ca | Mg | Tm atomic number | 20 | 12 | 69 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^2 | [Ne]3s^2 | [Xe]6s^24f^13 Aufbau diagram | 4s | 3s | 4f 6s block | s | s | f group | 2 | 2 | period | 4 | 3 | 6 atomic mass | 40.078 u | 24.305 u | 168.93422 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| calcium | magnesium | thulium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 842 °C | 650 °C | 1545 °C boiling point | 1484 °C | 1090 °C | 1950 °C molar heat of fusion | 8.54 kJ/mol | 8.7 kJ/mol | 16.8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 155 kJ/mol | 128 kJ/mol | 250 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 631 J/(kg K) | 1020 J/(kg K) | 160 J/(kg K) Néel point | | | 56 K (properties at standard conditions)

| calcium | magnesium | thulium density | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 9.321 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 1.584 g/cm^3 | 8.56 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 18.12 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 1.8 (between gypsum and talc) Vickers hardness | | (unknown) | 520 MPa Brinell hardness | 167 MPa | 260 MPa | 471 MPa bulk modulus | 17 GPa | 45 GPa | 45 GPa shear modulus | 7.4 GPa | 17 GPa | 31 GPa Young's modulus | 20 GPa | 45 GPa | 74 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.21 tensile yield strength | | | 60 MPa ultimate tensile strength | | | 140 MPa sound speed | 3810 m/s | 4602 m/s | thermal expansion | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.33×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m K) | 160 W/(m K) | 17 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| calcium | magnesium | thulium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.139×10^-5 | 1.2×10^-5 | 0.0185488 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.99×10^-6 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.36179×10^-7 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | | | 25 K (kelvins) Néel point | | | 56 K (kelvins) work function | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | threshold frequency | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| calcium | magnesium | thulium valence | 2 | 2 | 3 electronegativity | 1 | 1.31 | 1.25 electron affinity | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 596.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 596.7 kJ/mol | 1160 kJ/mol | 2285 kJ/mol | 4120 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| calcium | magnesium | thulium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 | ^2F_(7/2) atomic radius | 180 pm | 150 pm | 175 pm covalent radius | 176 pm | 141 pm | 190 pm van der Waals radius | | 173 pm | (electronic ground state properties)

| calcium | magnesium | thulium universe abundance | 0.007 mass% | 0.06 mass% | 1×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | 0.007 mass% | 0.07 mass% | 2×10^-8 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.1 mass% | 12 mass% | 2.9×10^-6 mass% crust abundance | 5 mass% | 2.9 mass% | 4.5×10^-5 mass% ocean abundance | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.13 mass% | 2×10^-11 mass% human abundance | 1.4 mass% | 0.027 mass% | universe molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 0.003 mol% | 1×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 0.003 mol% | 9.9×10^-11 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.52 mol% | 10 mol% | 3×10^-7 mol% ocean molar abundance | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 0.034 mol% | 7×10^-6 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.6 mol% | 2.5 mol% | 5×10^-6 mol% human molar abundance | 0.22 mol% | 0.007 mol% |