SnCl4 + TiCl3 = SnCl2 + TiCl4

SnCl_4 stannic chloride + TiCl_3 titanium trichloride ⟶ SnCl_2 stannous chloride + TiCl_4 titanium tetrachloride

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: SnCl_4 + TiCl_3 ⟶ SnCl_2 + TiCl_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 SnCl_4 + c_2 TiCl_3 ⟶ c_3 SnCl_2 + c_4 TiCl_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl, Sn and Ti: Cl: | 4 c_1 + 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 + 4 c_4 Sn: | c_1 = c_3 Ti: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | SnCl_4 + 2 TiCl_3 ⟶ SnCl_2 + 2 TiCl_4

+ ⟶ +

stannic chloride + titanium trichloride ⟶ stannous chloride + titanium tetrachloride

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: SnCl_4 + TiCl_3 ⟶ SnCl_2 + TiCl_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: SnCl_4 + 2 TiCl_3 ⟶ SnCl_2 + 2 TiCl_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i SnCl_4 | 1 | -1 TiCl_3 | 2 | -2 SnCl_2 | 1 | 1 TiCl_4 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression SnCl_4 | 1 | -1 | ([SnCl4])^(-1) TiCl_3 | 2 | -2 | ([TiCl3])^(-2) SnCl_2 | 1 | 1 | [SnCl2] TiCl_4 | 2 | 2 | ([TiCl4])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([SnCl4])^(-1) ([TiCl3])^(-2) [SnCl2] ([TiCl4])^2 = ([SnCl2] ([TiCl4])^2)/([SnCl4] ([TiCl3])^2)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: SnCl_4 + TiCl_3 ⟶ SnCl_2 + TiCl_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: SnCl_4 + 2 TiCl_3 ⟶ SnCl_2 + 2 TiCl_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i SnCl_4 | 1 | -1 TiCl_3 | 2 | -2 SnCl_2 | 1 | 1 TiCl_4 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term SnCl_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[SnCl4])/(Δt) TiCl_3 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[TiCl3])/(Δt) SnCl_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[SnCl2])/(Δt) TiCl_4 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[TiCl4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[SnCl4])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[TiCl3])/(Δt) = (Δ[SnCl2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[TiCl4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| stannic chloride | titanium trichloride | stannous chloride | titanium tetrachloride formula | SnCl_4 | TiCl_3 | SnCl_2 | TiCl_4 Hill formula | Cl_4Sn | Cl_3Ti | Cl_2Sn | Cl_4Ti name | stannic chloride | titanium trichloride | stannous chloride | titanium tetrachloride IUPAC name | tetrachlorostannane | trichlorotitanium | dichlorotin | tetrachlorotitanium

| stannic chloride | titanium trichloride | stannous chloride | titanium tetrachloride molar mass | 260.5 g/mol | 154.2 g/mol | 189.6 g/mol | 189.7 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) melting point | -33 °C | 440 °C | 246 °C | -25 °C boiling point | 114 °C | 960 °C | 652 °C | 135.5 °C density | 2.226 g/cm^3 | 1.32 g/cm^3 | 3.354 g/cm^3 | 1.73 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | very soluble | | reacts dynamic viscosity | 5.8×10^-4 Pa s (at 60 °C) | | 7 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 8.27×10^-4 Pa s (at 20 °C) odor | | | odorless |