scandium vs lutetium vs yttrium vs cobalt

scandium (chemical element) | lutetium (chemical element) | yttrium (chemical element) | cobalt (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration scandium | Sc | 21 | [Ar]4s^23d^1 lutetium | Lu | 71 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^1 yttrium | Y | 39 | [Kr]5s^24d^1 cobalt | Co | 27 | [Ar]4s^23d^7 | Aufbau diagram | block | group scandium | 3d 4s | d | 3 lutetium | 5d 4f 6s | d | 3 yttrium | 4d 5s | d | 3 cobalt | 3d 4s | d | 9 | period | atomic mass | half-life scandium | 4 | 44.955908 u | (stable) lutetium | 6 | 174.9668 u | (stable) yttrium | 5 | 88.90584 u | (stable) cobalt | 4 | 58.933194 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 1533 °C | highest | 1663 °C (lutetium) | lowest | 1495 °C (cobalt) | distribution | boiling point | median | 3136 °C | highest | 3402 °C (lutetium) | lowest | 2830 °C (scandium) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 16 kJ/mol | highest | 22 kJ/mol (lutetium) | lowest | 11.4 kJ/mol (yttrium) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 377 kJ/mol | highest | 415 kJ/mol (lutetium) | lowest | 318 kJ/mol (scandium) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 360 J/(kg K) | highest | 567 J/(kg K) (scandium) | lowest | 154 J/(kg K) (lutetium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 6.7 g/cm^3 | highest | 9.841 g/cm^3 (lutetium) | lowest | 2.985 g/cm^3 (scandium) liquid density | median | 5.995 g/cm^3 | highest | 9.3 g/cm^3 (lutetium) | lowest | 2.8 g/cm^3 (scandium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 16.42 cm^3/mol | highest | 19.88 cm^3/mol (yttrium) | lowest | 6.6 cm^3/mol (cobalt) Vickers hardness | all | 1043 MPa | 1160 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 589 MPa | 700 MPa | 750 MPa | 893 MPa bulk modulus | median | 52 GPa | highest | 180 GPa (cobalt) | lowest | 41 GPa (yttrium) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 28 GPa | highest | 75 GPa (cobalt) | lowest | 26 GPa (yttrium) Young's modulus | median | 71 GPa | highest | 209 GPa (cobalt) | lowest | 64 GPa (yttrium) Poisson ratio | all | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.31 tensile yield strength | median | 120 MPa | highest | 225 MPa (cobalt) | lowest | 60 MPa (lutetium) | distribution | ultimate tensile strength | all | 140 MPa | 150 MPa | 255 MPa thermal expansion | median | 1.04×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 1.3×10^-5 K^(-1) (cobalt) | lowest | 9.9×10^-6 K^(-1) (lutetium) thermal conductivity | median | 17 W/(m K) | highest | 100 W/(m K) (cobalt) | lowest | 16 W/(m K) (scandium and lutetium) (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 5.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 5.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (lutetium and yttrium) | lowest | 6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (cobalt) electrical conductivity | median | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (cobalt) | lowest | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (3 elements) volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.627×10^-4 | highest | 2.978×10^-4 (yttrium) | lowest | 1.18×10^-5 (lutetium) mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 6.66×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 8.8×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (scandium) | lowest | 1.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (lutetium) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 3.956×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 5.921×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (yttrium) | lowest | 2.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (lutetium) | distribution | work function | all | 3.1 eV | 3.3 eV | 3.5 eV | 5 eV superconducting point | median | 0.1 K (kelvins) | highest | 1.3 K (kelvins) (yttrium) | lowest | 0.05 K (kelvins) (scandium)

valence | median | 3 | highest | 4 (cobalt) | lowest | 3 (3 elements) electronegativity | median | 1.32 | highest | 1.88 (cobalt) | lowest | 1.22 (yttrium) electron affinity | median | 40 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 63.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (cobalt) | lowest | 18.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (scandium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 620 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 760.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (cobalt) | lowest | 523.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lutetium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^2D_(3/2) | ^4F_(9/2) atomic radius | median | 168 pm | highest | 180 pm (yttrium) | lowest | 135 pm (cobalt) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 179 pm | highest | 190 pm (yttrium) | lowest | 126 pm (cobalt) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 1.8×10^-6 mass% | highest | 3×10^-4 mass% (cobalt) | lowest | 1×10^-8 mass% (lutetium) solar abundance | median | 2.5×10^-6 mass% | highest | 4×10^-4 mass% (cobalt) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mass% (lutetium) meteorite abundance | median | 4.1×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.059 mass% (cobalt) | lowest | 2.9×10^-6 mass% (lutetium) crust abundance | median | 0.0027 mass% | highest | 0.003 mass% (cobalt) | lowest | 5.6×10^-5 mass% (lutetium) | distribution | ocean abundance | median | 7.3×10^-10 mass% | highest | 8×10^-9 mass% (cobalt) | lowest | 1.5×10^-11 mass% (lutetium) universe molar abundance | median | 5.5×10^-8 mol% | highest | 6×10^-6 mol% (cobalt) | lowest | 1×10^-10 mol% (lutetium) solar molar abundance | median | 5.4×10^-8 mol% | highest | 7×10^-6 mol% (cobalt) | lowest | 9.9×10^-10 mol% (lutetium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 1.7×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.02 mol% (cobalt) | lowest | 3×10^-7 mol% (lutetium) ocean molar abundance | median | 4.4×10^-10 mol% | highest | 5×10^-6 mol% (lutetium) | lowest | 2.1×10^-11 mol% (scandium) crust molar abundance | median | 8.3×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.0012 mol% (scandium) | lowest | 7×10^-6 mol% (lutetium) | distribution |