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H2O + Si + OH = H2 + SiO3

Input interpretation

H_2O water + Si silicon + (OH)^- hydroxide anion ⟶ H_2 hydrogen + (SiO_3^(2-))_n metasilicate anion
H_2O water + Si silicon + (OH)^- hydroxide anion ⟶ H_2 hydrogen + (SiO_3^(2-))_n metasilicate anion

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + Si + (OH)^- ⟶ H_2 + (SiO_3^(2-))_n Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 Si + c_3 OH^- ⟶ c_4 H_2 + c_5 ((SiO_3)^2-)_n Set the number of atoms and the charges in the reactants equal to the number of atoms and the charges in the products for H, O and Si: H: | 2 c_1 + c_3 = 2 c_4 O: | c_1 + c_3 = 3 c_5 Si: | c_2 = c_5 Charges: | -c_3 = -2 c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 2 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + Si + 2 OH^- ⟶ 2 H_2 + ((SiO_3)^2-)_n
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + Si + (OH)^- ⟶ H_2 + (SiO_3^(2-))_n Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 Si + c_3 OH^- ⟶ c_4 H_2 + c_5 ((SiO_3)^2-)_n Set the number of atoms and the charges in the reactants equal to the number of atoms and the charges in the products for H, O and Si: H: | 2 c_1 + c_3 = 2 c_4 O: | c_1 + c_3 = 3 c_5 Si: | c_2 = c_5 Charges: | -c_3 = -2 c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 2 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + Si + 2 OH^- ⟶ 2 H_2 + ((SiO_3)^2-)_n

Structures

+ + ⟶ +
+ + ⟶ +

Names

water + silicon + hydroxide anion ⟶ hydrogen + metasilicate anion
water + silicon + hydroxide anion ⟶ hydrogen + metasilicate anion

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + Si + (OH)^- ⟶ H_2 + (SiO_3^(2-))_n Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Si + 2 OH^- ⟶ 2 H_2 + ((SiO_3)^2-)_n Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Si | 1 | -1 OH^- | 2 | -2 H_2 | 2 | 2 ((SiO_3)^2-)_n | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) Si | 1 | -1 | ([Si])^(-1) OH^- | 2 | -2 | ([OH-1])^(-2) H_2 | 2 | 2 | ([H2])^2 ((SiO_3)^2-)_n | 1 | 1 | [(SiO3-2)n] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([Si])^(-1) ([OH-1])^(-2) ([H2])^2 [(SiO3-2)n] = (([H2])^2 [(SiO3-2)n])/([H2O] [Si] ([OH-1])^2)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + Si + (OH)^- ⟶ H_2 + (SiO_3^(2-))_n Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Si + 2 OH^- ⟶ 2 H_2 + ((SiO_3)^2-)_n Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Si | 1 | -1 OH^- | 2 | -2 H_2 | 2 | 2 ((SiO_3)^2-)_n | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) Si | 1 | -1 | ([Si])^(-1) OH^- | 2 | -2 | ([OH-1])^(-2) H_2 | 2 | 2 | ([H2])^2 ((SiO_3)^2-)_n | 1 | 1 | [(SiO3-2)n] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([Si])^(-1) ([OH-1])^(-2) ([H2])^2 [(SiO3-2)n] = (([H2])^2 [(SiO3-2)n])/([H2O] [Si] ([OH-1])^2)

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + Si + (OH)^- ⟶ H_2 + (SiO_3^(2-))_n Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Si + 2 OH^- ⟶ 2 H_2 + ((SiO_3)^2-)_n Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Si | 1 | -1 OH^- | 2 | -2 H_2 | 2 | 2 ((SiO_3)^2-)_n | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Si | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Si])/(Δt) OH^- | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[OH-1])/(Δt) H_2 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[H2])/(Δt) ((SiO_3)^2-)_n | 1 | 1 | (Δ[(SiO3-2)n])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Si])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[OH-1])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[H2])/(Δt) = (Δ[(SiO3-2)n])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + Si + (OH)^- ⟶ H_2 + (SiO_3^(2-))_n Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Si + 2 OH^- ⟶ 2 H_2 + ((SiO_3)^2-)_n Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Si | 1 | -1 OH^- | 2 | -2 H_2 | 2 | 2 ((SiO_3)^2-)_n | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Si | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Si])/(Δt) OH^- | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[OH-1])/(Δt) H_2 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[H2])/(Δt) ((SiO_3)^2-)_n | 1 | 1 | (Δ[(SiO3-2)n])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Si])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[OH-1])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[H2])/(Δt) = (Δ[(SiO3-2)n])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| water | silicon | hydroxide anion | hydrogen | metasilicate anion formula | H_2O | Si | (OH)^- | H_2 | (SiO_3^(2-))_n name | water | silicon | hydroxide anion | hydrogen | metasilicate anion IUPAC name | water | silicon | | molecular hydrogen |
| water | silicon | hydroxide anion | hydrogen | metasilicate anion formula | H_2O | Si | (OH)^- | H_2 | (SiO_3^(2-))_n name | water | silicon | hydroxide anion | hydrogen | metasilicate anion IUPAC name | water | silicon | | molecular hydrogen |

Substance properties

| water | silicon | hydroxide anion | hydrogen | metasilicate anion molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 28.085 g/mol | 17.008 g/mol | 2.016 g/mol | 76.083 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | | gas (at STP) | melting point | 0 °C | 1410 °C | | -259.2 °C | boiling point | 99.9839 °C | 2355 °C | | -252.8 °C | density | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.33 g/cm^3 | | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | solubility in water | | insoluble | | | surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | 8.9×10^-6 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | | odorless |
| water | silicon | hydroxide anion | hydrogen | metasilicate anion molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 28.085 g/mol | 17.008 g/mol | 2.016 g/mol | 76.083 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | | gas (at STP) | melting point | 0 °C | 1410 °C | | -259.2 °C | boiling point | 99.9839 °C | 2355 °C | | -252.8 °C | density | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.33 g/cm^3 | | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | solubility in water | | insoluble | | | surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | | 8.9×10^-6 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | | odorless |

Units

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