thallium

thallium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Image

atomic symbol | Tl atomic number | 81 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^1 Aufbau diagram | 6p 5d 4f 6s block | p group | 13 period | 6 atomic mass | 204.38 u (unified atomic mass units)

phase at STP | solid melting point | 304 °C (rank: 74th) boiling point | 1473 °C (rank: 64th) molar heat of fusion | 4.2 kJ/mol (rank: 72nd) molar heat of vaporization | 165 kJ/mol (rank: 57th) specific heat at STP | 129 J/(kg K) (rank: 79th) (properties at standard conditions)

density | 11.85 g/cm^3 (rank: 21st) liquid density | 11.22 g/cm^3 molar volume | 17.247 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.2 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 26.4 MPa (rank: 54th) bulk modulus | 43 GPa (rank: 37th) shear modulus | 2.8 GPa Young's modulus | 8 GPa (rank: 59th) Poisson ratio | 0.45 (rank: 1st) ultimate tensile strength | 7 MPa (rank: 37th) sound speed | 818 m/s (rank: 68th) thermal expansion | 2.99×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 9th) thermal conductivity | 46 W/(m K) (rank: 38th) (properties at standard conditions)

electrical type | conductor resistivity | 1.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 6.7×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -3.56×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -6.13×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.84 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 9.285×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 2.38 K (kelvins) color | (silver)

valence | 3 electronegativity | 1.62 electron affinity | 19.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.4 kJ/mol | 1971 kJ/mol | 2878 kJ/mol

Reactivity

term symbol | ^2P_(1/2) atomic radius | 190 pm covalent radius | 145 pm van der Waals radius | 196 pm (electronic ground state properties)

(neutral thallium atomic spectrum)

universe abundance | 5×10^-8 mass% (rank: 71st) solar abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% (rank: 57th) meteorite abundance | 7.8×10^-6 mass% (rank: 66th) crust abundance | 5.3×10^-5 mass% (rank: 61st) ocean abundance | 1×10^-10 mass% (rank: 60th) universe molar abundance | 3×10^-10 mol% (rank: 74th) solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-10 mol% (rank: 53rd) meteorite molar abundance | 6×10^-7 mol% (rank: 70th) ocean molar abundance | 3×10^-12 mol% (rank: 77th) crust molar abundance | 5×10^-6 mol% (rank: 64th)

half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Tl-205 (70.476%) | Tl-203 (29.524%) nuclear spin | Tl-177: 1/2^+ | Tl-179: 1/2^+ | Tl-181: 1/2^+ | Tl-182: 7^+ | Tl-183: 1/2^+ | Tl-184: 2^+ | Tl-185: 1/2^+ | Tl-186: 2^- | Tl-187: 1/2^+ | Tl-188: 2^- | Tl-189: 1/2^+ | Tl-190: 2^- | Tl-191: 1/2^+ | Tl-192: 2^- | Tl-193: 1/2^+ | Tl-194: 2^- | Tl-195: 1/2^+ | Tl-196: 2^- | Tl-197: 1/2^+ | Tl-198: 2^- | Tl-199: 1/2^+ | Tl-200: 2^- | Tl-201: 1/2^+ | Tl-202: 2^- | Tl-203: 1/2^+ | Tl-204: 2^- | Tl-205: 1/2^+ | Tl-206: 0^- | Tl-207: 1/2^+ | Tl-208: 5^+ | Tl-209: 1/2^+ | Tl-210: 5^+ | Tl-211: 1/2^+ | Tl-212: 5^+ unstable isotopes | Tl-204 (3.77 yr) | Tl-202 (12.31 days) | Tl-201 (73.01 h) | Tl-200 (26 h) | Tl-199 (7.42 h) | Tl-198 (5.3 h) | Tl-197 (170 min) | Tl-196 (110.3 min) | Tl-195 (69.67 min) | Tl-194 (33 min) | Tl-193 (22 min) | Tl-191 (20 min) | Tl-192 (9.67 min) | Tl-207 (4.77 min) | Tl-206 (4.202 min) | Tl-208 (183.2 s) | Tl-190 (160 s) | Tl-189 (140 s) | Tl-209 (132 s) | Tl-210 (78 s) | Tl-188 (71 s) | Tl-211 (60 s) | Tl-187 (51 s) | Tl-186 (40 s) | Tl-212 (30 s) | Tl-185 (19.5 s) | Tl-184 (11 s) | Tl-183 (6.9 s) | Tl-182 (3.1 s) | Tl-180 (1.5 s) | Tl-179 (420 ms) | Tl-178 (60 ms) | Tl-177 (18 ms) | Tl-176 (10 ms) | Tl-181 (1.4 ms) neutron cross-section | 3.4 b neutron mass absorption | 6×10^-4 m^2/kg

CAS number | 7440-28-0 PubChem CID number | 5359464