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zinc vs helium vs gallium

Input interpretation

zinc (chemical element) | helium (chemical element) | gallium (chemical element)
zinc (chemical element) | helium (chemical element) | gallium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| zinc | helium | gallium atomic symbol | Zn | He | Ga atomic number | 30 | 2 | 31 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^10 | 1s^2 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^1 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s | 1s | 4p 3d 4s block | d | s | p group | 12 | 18 | 13 period | 4 | 1 | 4 atomic mass | 65.38 u | 4.002602 u | 69.723 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| zinc | helium | gallium atomic symbol | Zn | He | Ga atomic number | 30 | 2 | 31 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^10 | 1s^2 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^1 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s | 1s | 4p 3d 4s block | d | s | p group | 12 | 18 | 13 period | 4 | 1 | 4 atomic mass | 65.38 u | 4.002602 u | 69.723 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| zinc | helium | gallium phase at STP | solid | gas | solid melting point | 419.53 °C | | 29.76 °C boiling point | 907 °C | -268.93 °C | 2204 °C critical temperature | | 5.19 K | critical pressure | | 0.227 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 7.35 kJ/mol | 0.02 kJ/mol | 5.59 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 119 kJ/mol | 0.083 kJ/mol | 256 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 388 J/(kg K) | 5193.1 J/(kg K) | 371 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 5/3 | (properties at standard conditions)
| zinc | helium | gallium phase at STP | solid | gas | solid melting point | 419.53 °C | | 29.76 °C boiling point | 907 °C | -268.93 °C | 2204 °C critical temperature | | 5.19 K | critical pressure | | 0.227 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 7.35 kJ/mol | 0.02 kJ/mol | 5.59 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 119 kJ/mol | 0.083 kJ/mol | 256 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 388 J/(kg K) | 5193.1 J/(kg K) | 371 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 5/3 | (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| zinc | helium | gallium density | 7.14 g/cm^3 | 1.785×10^-4 g/cm^3 | 5.904 g/cm^3 liquid density | 6.57 g/cm^3 | | 6.095 g/cm^3 molar volume | 9.16 cm^3/mol | 22420 cm^3/mol | 11.81 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 412 MPa | | 60 MPa bulk modulus | 70 GPa | | shear modulus | 43 GPa | | Young's modulus | 108 GPa | | Poisson ratio | 0.25 | | ultimate tensile strength | 37 MPa | | refractive index | 1.00205 | 1.000035 | sound speed | 3700 m/s | 970 m/s | 2740 m/s thermal expansion | 3.02×10^-5 K^(-1) | | 1.2×10^-4 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 120 W/(m K) | 0.1513 W/(m K) | 29 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| zinc | helium | gallium density | 7.14 g/cm^3 | 1.785×10^-4 g/cm^3 | 5.904 g/cm^3 liquid density | 6.57 g/cm^3 | | 6.095 g/cm^3 molar volume | 9.16 cm^3/mol | 22420 cm^3/mol | 11.81 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 412 MPa | | 60 MPa bulk modulus | 70 GPa | | shear modulus | 43 GPa | | Young's modulus | 108 GPa | | Poisson ratio | 0.25 | | ultimate tensile strength | 37 MPa | | refractive index | 1.00205 | 1.000035 | sound speed | 3700 m/s | 970 m/s | 2740 m/s thermal expansion | 3.02×10^-5 K^(-1) | | 1.2×10^-4 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 120 W/(m K) | 0.1513 W/(m K) | 29 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| zinc | helium | gallium electrical type | conductor | | conductor resistivity | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | | 1.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | | 7.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.58×10^-5 | -1.05×10^-9 | -1.77×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -2.21×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -5.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.36×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (3.63 to 4.9) eV | | 4.32 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | (8.777×10^14 to 1.185×10^15) Hz (hertz) | | 1.045×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.85 K (kelvins) | | 1.083 K (kelvins) color | (slate gray) | (colorless) | (silver) refractive index | 1.00205 | 1.000035 |
| zinc | helium | gallium electrical type | conductor | | conductor resistivity | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | | 1.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | | 7.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.58×10^-5 | -1.05×10^-9 | -1.77×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -2.21×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -5.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.36×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (3.63 to 4.9) eV | | 4.32 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | (8.777×10^14 to 1.185×10^15) Hz (hertz) | | 1.045×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.85 K (kelvins) | | 1.083 K (kelvins) color | (slate gray) | (colorless) | (silver) refractive index | 1.00205 | 1.000035 |

Reactivity

| zinc | helium | gallium valence | 2 | 0 | 3 electronegativity | 1.65 | | 1.81 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 28.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 2372.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 578.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 906.4 kJ/mol | 1733.3 kJ/mol | 3833 kJ/mol | 5731 kJ/mol | 7970 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12900 kJ/mol | 16800 kJ/mol | 19600 kJ/mol | 23000 kJ/mol | 26400 kJ/mol | 29990 kJ/mol | 40490 kJ/mol | 43800 kJ/mol | 47300 kJ/mol | 52300 kJ/mol | 55900 kJ/mol | 59700 kJ/mol | 67300 kJ/mol | 71200 kJ/mol | 179100 kJ/mol | 2372.3 kJ/mol | 5250.5 kJ/mol | 578.8 kJ/mol | 1979.3 kJ/mol | 2963 kJ/mol | 6180 kJ/mol
| zinc | helium | gallium valence | 2 | 0 | 3 electronegativity | 1.65 | | 1.81 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 28.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 2372.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 578.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 906.4 kJ/mol | 1733.3 kJ/mol | 3833 kJ/mol | 5731 kJ/mol | 7970 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12900 kJ/mol | 16800 kJ/mol | 19600 kJ/mol | 23000 kJ/mol | 26400 kJ/mol | 29990 kJ/mol | 40490 kJ/mol | 43800 kJ/mol | 47300 kJ/mol | 52300 kJ/mol | 55900 kJ/mol | 59700 kJ/mol | 67300 kJ/mol | 71200 kJ/mol | 179100 kJ/mol | 2372.3 kJ/mol | 5250.5 kJ/mol | 578.8 kJ/mol | 1979.3 kJ/mol | 2963 kJ/mol | 6180 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| zinc | helium | gallium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 | ^2P_(1/2) atomic radius | 135 pm | 31 pm | 130 pm covalent radius | 122 pm | 28 pm | 122 pm van der Waals radius | 139 pm | 140 pm | 187 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| zinc | helium | gallium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 | ^2P_(1/2) atomic radius | 135 pm | 31 pm | 130 pm covalent radius | 122 pm | 28 pm | 122 pm van der Waals radius | 139 pm | 140 pm | 187 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| zinc | helium | gallium universe abundance | 3×10^-5 mass% | 23 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 2×10^-4 mass% | 23 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.018 mass% | | 7.6×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 0.0078 mass% | 5.5×10^-7 mass% | 0.0019 mass% ocean abundance | 5×10^-7 mass% | 7.2×10^-10 mass% | 3×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 0.0033 mass% | | universe molar abundance | 6×10^-7 mol% | 7.2 mol% | 2×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% | 7.4 mol% | 6×10^-8 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.0044 mol% | | 2×10^-4 mol% ocean molar abundance | 4.7×10^-8 mol% | 1.1×10^-9 mol% | 2.7×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0025 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% | 5.5×10^-4 mol% human molar abundance | 3.2×10^-4 mol% | |
| zinc | helium | gallium universe abundance | 3×10^-5 mass% | 23 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 2×10^-4 mass% | 23 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.018 mass% | | 7.6×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 0.0078 mass% | 5.5×10^-7 mass% | 0.0019 mass% ocean abundance | 5×10^-7 mass% | 7.2×10^-10 mass% | 3×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 0.0033 mass% | | universe molar abundance | 6×10^-7 mol% | 7.2 mol% | 2×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% | 7.4 mol% | 6×10^-8 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.0044 mol% | | 2×10^-4 mol% ocean molar abundance | 4.7×10^-8 mol% | 1.1×10^-9 mol% | 2.7×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0025 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% | 5.5×10^-4 mol% human molar abundance | 3.2×10^-4 mol% | |

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