carbon vs phosphorus vs californium vs lithium

carbon (chemical element) | phosphorus (chemical element) | californium (chemical element) | lithium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration carbon | C | 6 | [He]2s^22p^2 phosphorus | P | 15 | [Ne]3s^23p^3 californium | Cf | 98 | [Rn]7s^25f^10 lithium | Li | 3 | [He]2s^1 | Aufbau diagram | block | group carbon | 2p 2s | p | 14 phosphorus | 3p 3s | p | 15 californium | 5f 7s | f | lithium | 2s | s | 1 | period | atomic mass | half-life carbon | 2 | 12.011 u | (stable) phosphorus | 3 | 30.973761998 u | (stable) californium | 7 | 251 u | 901 yr lithium | 2 | 6.94 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 540 °C | highest | 3550 °C (carbon) | lowest | 44.2 °C (phosphorus) boiling point | median | 1342 °C | highest | 4027 °C (carbon) | lowest | 280.5 °C (phosphorus) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 3 kJ/mol | highest | 105 kJ/mol (carbon) | lowest | 0.64 kJ/mol (phosphorus) molar heat of vaporization | median | 147 kJ/mol | highest | 715 kJ/mol (carbon) | lowest | 12.4 kJ/mol (phosphorus) specific heat at STP | median | 769.7 J/(kg K) | highest | 3570 J/(kg K) (lithium) | lowest | 710 J/(kg K) (carbon) (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 2.041 g/cm^3 | highest | 15.1 g/cm^3 (californium) | lowest | 0.535 g/cm^3 (lithium) molar volume | median | 14.8 cm^3/mol | highest | 16.99 cm^3/mol (phosphorus) | lowest | 5.315 cm^3/mol (carbon) | distribution | bulk modulus | median | 11 GPa | highest | 33 GPa (carbon) | lowest | 11 GPa (phosphorus and lithium) ultimate tensile strength | all | 15 MPa thermal conductivity | median | 85 W/(m K) | highest | 140 W/(m K) (carbon) | lowest | 0.236 W/(m K) (phosphorus) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) (carbon) | lowest | 9.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (lithium) electrical conductivity | median | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 1.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (lithium) | lowest | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) (carbon) volume magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.4×10^-5 | highest | 1.37×10^-5 (lithium) | lowest | -2.06×10^-5 (phosphorus) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 2.56×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (lithium) | lowest | -1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (phosphorus) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | -7.45×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 1.78×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (lithium) | lowest | -3.5×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (phosphorus) | distribution | work function | all | 2.93 eV | 5 eV

valence | median | 4 | highest | 5 (phosphorus) | lowest | 1 (lithium) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.7 | highest | 2.55 (carbon) | lowest | 0.98 (lithium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 72 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (carbon) | lowest | 59.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lithium) first ionization energy | median | 810 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (carbon) | lowest | 520.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lithium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3P_0 | ^4S_(3/2) | ^5I_8 atomic radius | median | 100 pm | highest | 145 pm (lithium) | lowest | 70 pm (carbon) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 107 pm | highest | 128 pm (lithium) | lowest | 76 pm (carbon) | distribution | van der Waals radius | median | 180 pm | highest | 182 pm (lithium) | lowest | 170 pm (carbon) (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 7×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.5 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 6×10^-7 mass% (lithium) solar abundance | median | 3.5×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.3 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mass% (californium) meteorite abundance | median | 0.055 mass% | highest | 1.5 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mass% (californium) crust abundance | median | 0.05 mass% | highest | 0.18 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mass% (californium) | distribution | ocean abundance | median | 1.3×10^-5 mass% | highest | 0.0028 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mass% (californium) human abundance | median | 0.55 mass% | highest | 23 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mass% (californium) universe molar abundance | median | 3×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.05 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mol% (lithium) solar molar abundance | median | 1.5×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.03 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mol% (californium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 0.035 mol% | highest | 1.8 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mol% (californium) ocean molar abundance | median | 8.7×10^-6 mol% | highest | 0.0014 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mol% (californium) crust molar abundance | median | 0.038 mol% | highest | 0.31 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mol% (californium) human molar abundance | median | 0.11 mol% | highest | 12 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mol% (californium)