phosphorus vs magnesium vs aluminum vs zirconium

phosphorus (chemical element) | magnesium (chemical element) | aluminum (chemical element) | zirconium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration phosphorus | P | 15 | [Ne]3s^23p^3 magnesium | Mg | 12 | [Ne]3s^2 aluminum | Al | 13 | [Ne]3s^23p^1 zirconium | Zr | 40 | [Kr]5s^24d^2 | Aufbau diagram | block | group phosphorus | 3p 3s | p | 15 magnesium | 3s | s | 2 aluminum | 3p 3s | p | 13 zirconium | 4d 5s | d | 4 | period | atomic mass | half-life phosphorus | 3 | 30.973761998 u | (stable) magnesium | 3 | 24.305 u | (stable) aluminum | 3 | 26.9815385 u | (stable) zirconium | 5 | 91.224 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 655 °C | highest | 1855 °C (zirconium) | lowest | 44.2 °C (phosphorus) | distribution | boiling point | median | 1804 °C | highest | 4409 °C (zirconium) | lowest | 280.5 °C (phosphorus) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 9.7 kJ/mol | highest | 21 kJ/mol (zirconium) | lowest | 0.64 kJ/mol (phosphorus) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 210 kJ/mol | highest | 580 kJ/mol (zirconium) | lowest | 12.4 kJ/mol (phosphorus) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 837 J/(kg K) | highest | 1020 J/(kg K) (magnesium) | lowest | 278 J/(kg K) (zirconium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 2.3 g/cm^3 | highest | 6.511 g/cm^3 (zirconium) | lowest | 1.738 g/cm^3 (magnesium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 2.375 g/cm^3 | highest | 5.8 g/cm^3 (zirconium) | lowest | 1.584 g/cm^3 (magnesium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 14 cm^3/mol | highest | 16.99 cm^3/mol (phosphorus) | lowest | 10 cm^3/mol (aluminum) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 2.75 | highest | 5 (≈ apatite) (zirconium) | lowest | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) (magnesium) Vickers hardness | all | 167 MPa | 903 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 245 MPa | 260 MPa | 650 MPa bulk modulus | median | 45 GPa | highest | 76 GPa (aluminum) | lowest | 11 GPa (phosphorus) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 26 GPa | highest | 33 GPa (zirconium) | lowest | 17 GPa (magnesium) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 68 GPa | highest | 70 GPa (aluminum) | lowest | 45 GPa (magnesium) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.35 ultimate tensile strength | all | 330 MPa sound speed | median | 4602 m/s | highest | 5100 m/s (aluminum) | lowest | 3800 m/s (zirconium) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 2.31×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) (magnesium) | lowest | 5.7×10^-6 K^(-1) (zirconium) thermal conductivity | median | 92 W/(m K) | highest | 235 W/(m K) (aluminum) | lowest | 0.236 W/(m K) (phosphorus) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 7.2×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 4.2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (zirconium) | lowest | 2.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (aluminum) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 3.8×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (aluminum) | lowest | 2.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (zirconium) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.66×10^-5 | highest | 1.09×10^-4 (zirconium) | lowest | -2.06×10^-5 (phosphorus) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 7.35×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 1.68×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (zirconium) | lowest | -1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (phosphorus) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.89×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 1.53×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (zirconium) | lowest | -3.5×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (phosphorus) | distribution | work function | all | 3.66 eV | 4.05 eV | (4.06 to 4.26) eV

valence | median | 3.5 | highest | 5 (phosphorus) | lowest | 2 (magnesium) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.47 | highest | 2.19 (phosphorus) | lowest | 1.31 (magnesium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 41.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 72 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (phosphorus) | lowest | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (magnesium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 688.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 1011.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (phosphorus) | lowest | 577.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (aluminum) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^2P_(1/2) | ^3F_2 | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | median | 137 pm | highest | 155 pm (zirconium) | lowest | 100 pm (phosphorus) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 131 pm | highest | 175 pm (zirconium) | lowest | 107 pm (phosphorus) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 0.0028 mass% | highest | 0.06 mass% (magnesium) | lowest | 5×10^-6 mass% (zirconium) solar abundance | median | 0.0034 mass% | highest | 0.07 mass% (magnesium) | lowest | 4×10^-6 mass% (zirconium) meteorite abundance | median | 0.51 mass% | highest | 12 mass% (magnesium) | lowest | 6.6×10^-4 mass% (zirconium) crust abundance | median | 1.5 mass% | highest | 8.1 mass% (aluminum) | lowest | 0.013 mass% (zirconium) | distribution | ocean abundance | median | 3.7×10^-6 mass% | highest | 0.13 mass% (magnesium) | lowest | 2.6×10^-9 mass% (zirconium) human abundance | median | 0.014 mass% | highest | 1.1 mass% (phosphorus) | lowest | 5×10^-6 mass% (zirconium) universe molar abundance | median | 1.2×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.003 mol% (magnesium) | lowest | 7×10^-8 mol% (zirconium) solar molar abundance | median | 1.7×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.003 mol% (magnesium) | lowest | 5×10^-8 mol% (zirconium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 0.37 mol% | highest | 10 mol% (magnesium) | lowest | 1.6×10^-4 mol% (zirconium) ocean molar abundance | median | 7.6×10^-7 mol% | highest | 0.034 mol% (magnesium) | lowest | 1.8×10^-10 mol% (zirconium) crust molar abundance | median | 1.3 mol% | highest | 6.3 mol% (aluminum) | lowest | 0.003 mol% (zirconium) | distribution | human molar abundance | median | 0.0035 mol% | highest | 0.22 mol% (phosphorus) | lowest | 3×10^-7 mol% (zirconium)