carbon vs aluminum vs phosphorus

carbon (chemical element) | aluminum (chemical element) | phosphorus (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| carbon | aluminum | phosphorus atomic symbol | C | Al | P atomic number | 6 | 13 | 15 short electronic configuration | [He]2s^22p^2 | [Ne]3s^23p^1 | [Ne]3s^23p^3 Aufbau diagram | 2p 2s | 3p 3s | 3p 3s block | p | p | p group | 14 | 13 | 15 period | 2 | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 12.011 u | 26.9815385 u | 30.973761998 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| carbon | aluminum | phosphorus phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 3550 °C | 660.32 °C | 44.2 °C boiling point | 4027 °C | 2519 °C | 280.5 °C molar heat of fusion | 105 kJ/mol | 10.7 kJ/mol | 0.64 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 715 kJ/mol | 293 kJ/mol | 12.4 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 710 J/(kg K) | 904 J/(kg K) | 769.7 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| carbon | aluminum | phosphorus density | 2.26 g/cm^3 | 2.7 g/cm^3 | 1.823 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 2.375 g/cm^3 | molar volume | 5.315 cm^3/mol | 10 cm^3/mol | 16.99 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 2.75 (between calcite and gypsum) | Vickers hardness | | 167 MPa | Brinell hardness | | 245 MPa | bulk modulus | 33 GPa | 76 GPa | 11 GPa shear modulus | | 26 GPa | Young's modulus | | 70 GPa | Poisson ratio | | 0.35 | refractive index | 2.417 | | 1.001212 sound speed | 18350 m/s | 5100 m/s | thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) | 2.31×10^-5 K^(-1) | thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 235 W/(m K) | 0.236 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| carbon | aluminum | phosphorus electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) | 3.8×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | paramagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.4×10^-5 | 2.11×10^-5 | -2.06×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 7.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -7.45×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.5×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | (4.06 to 4.26) eV | threshold frequency | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | (9.817×10^14 to 1.03×10^15) Hz (hertz) | superconducting point | | 1.175 K (kelvins) | color | (black) | (silver) | (colorless) refractive index | 2.417 | | 1.001212

| carbon | aluminum | phosphorus valence | 4 | 3 | 5 electronegativity | 2.55 | 1.61 | 2.19 electron affinity | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 42.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 72 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 577.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1011.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1086.5 kJ/mol | 2352.6 kJ/mol | 4620.5 kJ/mol | 6222.7 kJ/mol | 37831 kJ/mol | 47277 kJ/mol | 577.5 kJ/mol | 1816.7 kJ/mol | 2744.8 kJ/mol | 11577 kJ/mol | 14842 kJ/mol | 18379 kJ/mol | 23326 kJ/mol | 27465 kJ/mol | 31853 kJ/mol | 38473 kJ/mol | 1011.8 kJ/mol | 1907 kJ/mol | 2914.1 kJ/mol | 4963.6 kJ/mol | 6273.9 kJ/mol | 21267 kJ/mol | 25431 kJ/mol | 29872 kJ/mol | 35905 kJ/mol | 40950 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| carbon | aluminum | phosphorus term symbol | ^3P_0 | ^2P_(1/2) | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | 70 pm | 125 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 76 pm | 121 pm | 107 pm van der Waals radius | 170 pm | | 180 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| carbon | aluminum | phosphorus universe abundance | 0.5 mass% | 0.005 mass% | 7×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | 0.3 mass% | 0.006 mass% | 7×10^-4 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.5 mass% | 0.91 mass% | 0.11 mass% crust abundance | 0.18 mass% | 8.1 mass% | 0.099 mass% ocean abundance | 0.0028 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% | 7×10^-6 mass% human abundance | 23 mass% | 9×10^-5 mass% | 1.1 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.05 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.03 mol% | 3×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1.8 mol% | 0.67 mol% | 0.07 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.0014 mol% | 1.1×10^-7 mol% | 1.4×10^-6 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.31 mol% | 6.3 mol% | 0.07 mol% human molar abundance | 12 mol% | 2.1×10^-5 mol% | 0.22 mol%