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sulfur vs chlorine vs carbon

Input interpretation

sulfur (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element) | carbon (chemical element)
sulfur (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element) | carbon (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| sulfur | chlorine | carbon atomic symbol | S | Cl | C atomic number | 16 | 17 | 6 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [He]2s^22p^2 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 3p 3s | 2p 2s block | p | p | p group | 16 | 17 | 14 period | 3 | 3 | 2 atomic mass | 32.06 u | 35.45 u | 12.011 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| sulfur | chlorine | carbon atomic symbol | S | Cl | C atomic number | 16 | 17 | 6 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [He]2s^22p^2 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 3p 3s | 2p 2s block | p | p | p group | 16 | 17 | 14 period | 3 | 3 | 2 atomic mass | 32.06 u | 35.45 u | 12.011 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| sulfur | chlorine | carbon phase at STP | solid | gas | solid melting point | 115.21 °C | -101.5 °C | 3550 °C boiling point | 444.72 °C | -34.04 °C | 4027 °C critical temperature | 1314 K | 416.9 K | critical pressure | 20.7 MPa | 7.991 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 1.73 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol | 105 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 9.8 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol | 715 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 705 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 710 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)
| sulfur | chlorine | carbon phase at STP | solid | gas | solid melting point | 115.21 °C | -101.5 °C | 3550 °C boiling point | 444.72 °C | -34.04 °C | 4027 °C critical temperature | 1314 K | 416.9 K | critical pressure | 20.7 MPa | 7.991 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 1.73 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol | 105 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 9.8 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol | 715 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 705 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 710 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| sulfur | chlorine | carbon density | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 2.26 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.819 g/cm^3 | | molar volume | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol | 5.315 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2 (≈ gypsum) | | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) bulk modulus | 7.7 GPa | 1.1 GPa | 33 GPa refractive index | 1.001111 | 1.000773 | 2.417 sound speed | | 206 m/s | 18350 m/s thermal expansion | | | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 0.205 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 140 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| sulfur | chlorine | carbon density | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 2.26 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.819 g/cm^3 | | molar volume | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol | 5.315 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2 (≈ gypsum) | | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) bulk modulus | 7.7 GPa | 1.1 GPa | 33 GPa refractive index | 1.001111 | 1.000773 | 2.417 sound speed | | 206 m/s | 18350 m/s thermal expansion | | | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 0.205 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 140 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| sulfur | chlorine | carbon electrical type | insulator | insulator | conductor resistivity | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.22×10^-5 | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.4×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -7.45×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) color | (yellow) | (yellow) | (black) refractive index | 1.001111 | 1.000773 | 2.417
| sulfur | chlorine | carbon electrical type | insulator | insulator | conductor resistivity | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.22×10^-5 | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.4×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -7.45×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) color | (yellow) | (yellow) | (black) refractive index | 1.001111 | 1.000773 | 2.417

Reactivity

| sulfur | chlorine | carbon valence | 6 | 5 | 4 electronegativity | 2.58 | 3.16 | 2.55 electron affinity | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 1086.5 kJ/mol | 2352.6 kJ/mol | 4620.5 kJ/mol | 6222.7 kJ/mol | 37831 kJ/mol | 47277 kJ/mol
| sulfur | chlorine | carbon valence | 6 | 5 | 4 electronegativity | 2.58 | 3.16 | 2.55 electron affinity | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 1086.5 kJ/mol | 2352.6 kJ/mol | 4620.5 kJ/mol | 6222.7 kJ/mol | 37831 kJ/mol | 47277 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| sulfur | chlorine | carbon term symbol | ^3P_2 | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 100 pm | 100 pm | 70 pm covalent radius | 105 pm | 102 pm | 76 pm van der Waals radius | 180 pm | 175 pm | 170 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| sulfur | chlorine | carbon term symbol | ^3P_2 | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 100 pm | 100 pm | 70 pm covalent radius | 105 pm | 102 pm | 76 pm van der Waals radius | 180 pm | 175 pm | 170 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| sulfur | chlorine | carbon universe abundance | 0.05 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% | 0.5 mass% solar abundance | 0.04 mass% | 8×10^-4 mass% | 0.3 mass% meteorite abundance | 4 mass% | 0.037 mass% | 1.5 mass% crust abundance | 0.042 mass% | 0.017 mass% | 0.18 mass% ocean abundance | 0.093 mass% | 2 mass% | 0.0028 mass% human abundance | 0.2 mass% | 0.12 mass% | 23 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.002 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% | 0.05 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% | 0.03 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2.2 mol% | 0.016 mol% | 1.8 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.018 mol% | 0.35 mol% | 0.0014 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.027 mol% | 0.0099 mol% | 0.31 mol% human molar abundance | 0.039 mol% | 0.021 mol% | 12 mol%
| sulfur | chlorine | carbon universe abundance | 0.05 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% | 0.5 mass% solar abundance | 0.04 mass% | 8×10^-4 mass% | 0.3 mass% meteorite abundance | 4 mass% | 0.037 mass% | 1.5 mass% crust abundance | 0.042 mass% | 0.017 mass% | 0.18 mass% ocean abundance | 0.093 mass% | 2 mass% | 0.0028 mass% human abundance | 0.2 mass% | 0.12 mass% | 23 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.002 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% | 0.05 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% | 0.03 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2.2 mol% | 0.016 mol% | 1.8 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.018 mol% | 0.35 mol% | 0.0014 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.027 mol% | 0.0099 mol% | 0.31 mol% human molar abundance | 0.039 mol% | 0.021 mol% | 12 mol%

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