Input interpretation
citrulline biosynthesis (human metabolic pathway)
Pathway topology
Pathway topology
Pathway components
| L-proline | (2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | (S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 115.1 g/mol | | C_5H_9NO_2 | (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate | pyrroline 5-carboxylate | L-Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate | (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate | 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate | L-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate | delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid | delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate | 113.1 g/mol | | C_5H_7N_1O_2 | L-glutamate-5-phosphate | L-gamma-glutamyl-5-phosphate | L-gamma-glutamyl-5-P | L-glutamyl-5-phosphate | 227.1 g/mol | | C_5H_10N_1O_7P_1 | L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde | glutamic gamma-semialdehyde | L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde | glutamate-semialdehyde | 131.1 g/mol | | C_5H_9N_1O_3 | D-glutamic acid | (2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid | D-glutamate | 147.1 g/mol | | C_5H_9NO_4 | L-ornithine | 132.2 g/mol | | C_5H_12N_2O_2 | L-citrulline | 175.2 g/mol | | C_6H_13N_3O_3 | L-arginine | (S)-2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid | 174.2 g/mol | | H_2NC(=NH)NH(CH_2)_3CH(NH_2)CO_2H | L-glutamine | glutamic acid 5-amide | levoglutamide | 146.1 g/mol | | C_5H_10N_2O_3
Pathway steps
| reaction ⟶ | + FAD ⟶ + FADH_2 | proline oxidase, mitochondrial precursor | proline dehydrogenase | proline oxidase mitochondrial precursor ⟶ | + H_2O ⟶ | (none) ⟶ | + NADPH + H+ ⟶ + NADP+ + phosphate | gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase + ⟶ | + ⟶ + 2-ketoglutarate | ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial precursor ⟶ | + ATP ⟶ + ADP | glutamate 5-kinase ⟶ | + carbamoyl-phosphate ⟶ + phosphate | ornithine carbamoyltransferase, mitochondrial precursor ⟶ | + H_2O ⟶ + urea | arginase II, mitochondrial precursor | arginase 1 ⟶ | + H_2O ⟶ + ammonia | glutaminase, liver isoform, mitochondrial precursor | glutaminase, kidney isoform, mitochondrial precursor
Related pathways
| overlapping components proline biosynthesis V (from arginine) | arginine degradation I (arginase pathway) | arginine degradation VI (arginase 2 pathway) | proline biosynthesis II | urea cycle | citrulline-nitric oxide cycle |